The early history of the Slavonic settlements in Dalmatia, Croatia, & Serbia
GAYLAMOUNT
PAMPHLET BINDER « | R PN FR A | | IRRARY U.C. BERf
PREFACE
We have no contemporary records of the Slavonic settlements in the north-west of the Balkan peninsula—Serbia, Croatia, Dalmatia—in the seventh century. The earliest account we have is contained in eight chapters of the treatise known as De Administrando Imperio, which was compiled by the Emperor Constantine VII. (Porphyro-gennetos) during the years A.D. 948-952. This account, occasionally supplemented by incidental notices in Venetian and Frankish annals, tells us all we know of the history of those countries for about three centuries.
Some twelve years ago I published a study of the composition and sources of Constantine's treatise, and showed that, of the chapters relating to the Serbians and Croats, cc. 29 and 31-36 were put together in 948-9, and c. 30 is an insertion of later date—951 or 952. This memoir was translated into Croatian, and since then a Yugo-Slav scholar, Dr. Manojlovi6, has analyzed the work in greater detail.
The text of the eight chapters is here printed in full, with the omission of a digression on events in South Italy in c. 29, which is not relevant to the subject.
The student will note the confusion of the Slavs with the Avars in c. 29 ; the confusion of the two Saracen sieges of Ragusa, and the author's evident ignorance of the date of the Saracen capture of Bari; the conflicting statements in cc. 30 and 31 as to the date of the baptism of the Croatians. He will observe, too, that the tradition,
V
"35G
I'KEFACE
accented by the author, that the Slavs first occupied the lands of Croatia, Dalmatia, and Serbia, in the reign of Horaclius, misrepresents facts. The Slavs had been already settling in these lands in the sixth century, and what occurred in the reign of Heraclius was the recognition by the Imperial Government of a, fait accompli.
It may be well to remark that the title of the Governor of the Theme or province of Imperial Dalmatia in the ninth century was archon, but in the reign of Leo VI. we find him raised to the higher rank of stratcgos.
MSS.
B Parisinus 2009 (formerly 2661), twelfth century.
P Palatinus 126 (in the Vatican Library), written in
A.d. 1509. See Stevenson, Codd. MSS. Pal.
Grace. Bibl. Vat., p. 60. Parisinus 2957, sixteenth century (worthless).
[On the MSS. see Vari in the Akadcmiai ErUsito of the Hungarian Academy, 72, 710-712, December, 1895 ; and Pecz in JJi/zantinisclis Zeitschrifl, 6, 590; and Bury, op. cit. infra, 518-19.]
Editions.
J. Meursius, 1611 and 1617 (based on the inferior MS. P).
A. Banduri (in Imperhm Orientate, vol. i.), 1711 (based on B).
1. Bckker, 1840 (based on Meursius and lianduri, and a new collation of B).
Mignc, Patrologia Graeco-Latina, vol. cxii., 1884 (transcription of Banduri's text).
1GAYLAMOUNT
PAMPHLET «ND« *M | RPNPRAI I IRRARY - II C. BERI
PREFACE vii
Helps.
Lucius, De Regno Dalmatiae et Croatiae, 1666; contains
the Regnum Slavorum of the Presbyter of Doclea
(twelfth century). Thomas, Archdeacon of Spalato (thirteenth century),
Ilistoria Salonitanorum, in Lucius, and in Farlati,
vol. v. Farlati, Illyricuin Saerwn, 8 vols., 1751-1815. Safarik, Slawische Alterthilmer (tr. Wuttke), vol. ii.,
1844. Jirecek, Die Rominen in den Stddten Dalmatiens wiihrend
ties Mittelalfers, in Denkschriften der k. Akad. der
Wiss., 48 (1902), iii. Jirecek, Geschichte der Serial, vol. i., 1911. Jackson, Dalmatia, the Quarnero, and Istria, 3 vols., 1887. Munro, Anderson, Milne, and Haverfield, On (lie Roman
Town of Doclea in Montenegro. Society of Antiquaries,
1896. Bury, The Treatise ( 'De Administrando Imperio," in Byzan-
tinische Zeitschrift, 15, 1906. In Croatian, translated
by S. Lochmer, in Vje^nik kr. Hrvatsko-slavonsko-
dalmatinskoga Zemaljskoga Arkiva, Godina X., 1893
(Agram). Manojlovic, Studije o s^isu " De Administrando Imperio"
in Rod, 182, 186, etc., 1910, etc. (Agram); but the
memoir is not complete, and the writer has not yet
treated cc. 29-36.
GAYLAMOUNT PAMPHLET MNDEJt Mi^HHHr.t MP RAI I IRRARY - II H RFRK
KE^AAAION K(a)'
Ilfpi rT;c AeXjuanag Kai riZf iv <(t>Tij TrapaKtifiBVmv iBvQv.
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* Diocletian, Emperor a. d. 284-305.
10 EARLY HISTORY OF THE SLAVONIC SETTLEMENTS
dAA//Aois (Tvi'avrav, Tors pev uiroo~Tpc<f>op.evoiis airb tou irapapovipov, tovs Se et's tt/v rotavnjv 8ovXetav airtp\o-(ifVOVS. xal yap ttXtjo'iov Trjs daXdo-o~t]<; virb to avrb Kacrrpov ((tti to cVtAcyo/xcvoi' SuAwi'a, /xeyc#os c'x ov T0 Vf JLL0 ~ v Kcui'-o"TarTii'or7rdAc«s, cv (o 7rdvTCS oi Pw/xavoi (rvv/yyoi'TO Kai KadwrrXf^ovTO, Kai TTpocraTrtKivovv €K twv €Keio~e Kai 7rpos T7iv KActo"oiy)ai' d7r?/px°i'TO t>)v dVo to? ai'Tou Kacrrpov virap-yovo-av pLXta Tecraapa • ijn<; xai p^XP 1 T0 ^ " w KaActTai KAeto-a Sta to crvy/cAet€6V Toi'S Siepy^opevovs ckci^cv. Kai 6K twv CKeto-e d?T?;px o,/TO 7rpos tov itorapov. to oiV toioutov dAAdyiov kiii 7roAAois ytvd/xerov XP° rots °^ CKelOev tov worapov — kAu/Joi, oi Kai "Afiapoi KaXovpevoi, Ka$' eai'Toi'S £0-K07r?;o-ai' Aeyoi'Tes 6'ti ovtoi ot Pwadvot, cttci eirtpao-av Kal evpov TrpaiSav, airb tov vvv Ka6' ijpuiv ov TravcrovTai Sta7T€pwi'Tes" xal 8ia tovto p.rj\av^rr6pe.6a kot' cu'twv. oitws ovv ot 2/cAa3oi 06 < Kal > * "A(3apoi (3ovXevo-dpevoi, Kal 8ta-Trepao-avTiuv ttotc twv 'Pw/xdvcov Trot^cravTcs ovtoi tyKpvppaTa Kal TToAc/xvycrarTcs eviKijcrav axVot's. Kai dvaXapopevoi Ta tc oVAa avrwv Kai to. <{>XdpovXa Kal Ta AoiTra TroXepiKa o-?7/xcia, Sta7rcpao r ai'TCS oi Trpoeipijpevoi ~kA«/3oi tov 7TOTa/xdi' ijA^ov ci's Ti)f KAeto"o{ipai'. oi's Kai ZSoVtcs oi eKeiae oYtcs Pco/xai-oi, 9(.ao~dpe.voi 8e Ta (pXdpox'Xa Kal T1JV €^ott Xlctiv twv o/xoctjuAwi/ airwv, tox'S aiTfof 2 opocpvXovs eivai ro/xwrarTCS, ijviKa KaTC-XafSov 61 —KXdj3oi oi TrpoppijOtvTes ci's tijv KMUTOVpav, Trape^'ipyjcrav aiVois 8icA#cii\ SccA^oYtcs S« cr#us tot-s 'Pco/xdroi>s ovtoi e£ijXao~av Kal njv 2aAwi-a to Trpoeipr/pevov KaaTpov eKpaT?;crav. Kai KaToiK^aai'Tcs eKiio~e cktotc Kara piKpbv dp£dpevoi TTpatSeveiv toi'S 'Pco/xdrors tovs as tovs Kauvovs Kai ci's Ta vx^rjXoTepa peprj KaTotKOVJ'Tas -i)<$>dvicrav, Kai Toi'S T07rors avruv KaTiKpaTijo-av. oi 5« Aot7roi Pw/xaroi ciS tu tt}s 7ra/)aAtas KaaTpa 8teo-w6i]0-av y Kat pcXP L T0V vvv KpaTovo~iv aura • aTtva ciVt toSc Kao~Tpa, to Paovctv, to 'Ao-7rdA(t^or, t?> TcTpayyoi'/nv, t<x AtaSupa, >y "Ap/3?/, i}
.OAVLAMOUMT. _ dd>ov uf ^
IN DALMATIA, CROATIA, AND SERBIA 11
Be\-Aa ko.1 to. "Oxpapa • 5>v Tivav ko.1 ot/o/Topes P-*XP l T0 ^ vvv ol 'Pa>/xavoi KaAoiWat.
"On aVd tt/s /3acrtAeias 'HpaxXeiov* tov /3ao-tAews 'Pw/zatW, Ka0' oi' p.eXXet Tpoirov frqOijcrecrdat ev TQ tcuv X/Jw/?aTO)V Kat 2ep/3Aa>v <rvyypa(f)rj, wdo-a 17 AeA/xana Kat ra 7re/3i avr^v etfi^, ofov Xpw/3aVot "SepftXot Za)(Ao{yzoi TepfiovviioTai KavaXeirat. AiokXtjtiuvoi ko.1 'ApevravoL, oi Kat 1 Ilayai'ot ir poo-ay ope.vop.tvoi. . . . 2 tt)s Se tw^ Pw/xaiwv fiao-ikeias 8t6\ Ti]V tuv Tore K/xirori'Ttov vwdpoTTjTO. ko.1 dtpeActav ets to p.r)8tv irapdirav puxpov 8etv eva.Trovevcrd<rr)<; f i
KOU p.d\l(TTa 8k €7Tt MlX°»/A t TOU <!£ 'A/XO/DtOU TOV TpavXoV,
ol to. tt]s AeApaTt'as Kaarpa oiVowies yeyovacrtv auTOKe-<f>akoi, firjre tw /3ao-tAet 'PtopatW p/T£ erepqt tlvl vttok€i-p.evoi• dXXd Kat to. Ifeeure Wvrj, o'l T€ Xpwf3a.TOi Kat 1ep(3\oi Kat ZaxAov/xot Kat Tep/3owtcoTat Kat KavaAetTat Kat AtoKAr^Ttavot Kat ot Ilayavoi tt)s twv 'Pwpatwv (3acriXeias d<f>ip'id<ravTe<; yeyovacrtv I8t6pv0poi Kat avTOK€<£aAot, tlvl p.i] moKeifievoi.
"ApxovTas Se, ws (^ao-t, Tavra Ta e#v?7 p) e'xei, 7rA?/v £ov7rdvovs yepovTas, KaOtos Kat at Aonrat ^nXapiviai e'xovcri tiVov. dAAd ot -rrXeioves twv toiovtwv -kXo.[3wv ov8e efiaTTTi^ovTO, dXXd p^XP 1 ^oAAoG epevov d/3dVTtcrT0i. e7rt Se BacriAeiov { rod (piXoxpiwrov /Sao-iAetos a7recrTeiAav diro-xpuTLaplovs e'£atTOupevot ko.1 irapaKaXovvres avrbv tovs e£ ai?Twv dfiaTTTio-Tovs fiaTTTio-drjvai Kat etVat wore e£ a PXV s VTTOTcraypevovs Trj /3acnAeta twv 'Pwpatwv • wv Ttvwv etcra-Kovcras o paKaptos CKeivos Kat doi8ip.o<; (Sao-iXevs egair«TT£iXe fiao-iXiKOv /i€Ta, Kat tepe'wv, Kat e/SaVTicrev avrovs 7rdvTas
1 oi Krti scri[>si, /cai oi codd.
2 Ante tj;c lacunam notaui ; exciderunt -«=^oi'X(Kdit,' i/nav ti£ i3affi\e~i rwi' 'Putftaioiv i'7ror€7-oy/i6ro(> uel talia.
3 ivaTro~v(.vaa<ji]Q conicio.
* Heraclius, Emperor a.d. 610-641.
t Michael II., Emperor a.d. 820-829.
% Basil I., Emperor a.d. 867-886 (grandfather of the author).
12 EA.RLY HISTORY OF THE SLAVONIC SETTLEMENTS
TUI's" TiOV TTpOppijQeVTiOl' l$VU)V dfSa7TTlWTOV<; TvyYOVOVTas • Kat /XCTO. TO fSaTTTKjOrjvai aVTOVS, TOTt 7rpuef3dX.€TO eis Ul'TOCS
ap^oi'Tas oi's Ikcivoi rjOeXov Kai irpokKpivov, cnro yevea/s i/s Ikuvol I'lyonrwv Kai hrrtpyov. Kai cktotc I^XP l to ^ v ^' v * k twv avTwy yeveiov yivovrat ap\ovrts €t's aiVoi's, Kat oi'k e£ 6Tepas. ol &€ Ilayavot, ol Kai Tp 'Pw/miW StaAeKTfu 'Apei'Tai/ot Kakox'/xevoi, eis 8a<rf3a.TOvs to7tots Kai Kpi]p.vio8ei<; KiiTc\e{(j>8r](ra.v dfidivTio~Toi • Kat yap LTayaioi Kara n)i' tov i\-Aa/^(i)i' yAwaxrav dfid.TrTurroL e/i/z^i'trWat. 1 tt£Ta Se tovto Kat at'TOt a7TO(rT6tAai'T€5 ft's t6v (XVTOV dolSipiov fjacrt\ta ££i]Tij<rai'TO fiairrio'Orfvo.i Kai avroi • Kat aVoo"T€tAas Ifidirrurt Kat aVTOUS,
E7ret Se, ws Trpoeifjijiiev, Sta t?)!' twi' K/)aTOiWwv Viudpo-TTjra Kat dcpeXeiav ets KaTOTrtV Ta twv 'Pw/iaitor lyA^or irpayp.a.Ta, Kat ot Ta tJ/s AcA/zaTtas Kaarpa otKoiWfS yeyorao-tv avTOK(<pa\oi, p.i]Te tu> /?ao-tAct 'Poo/uatojj' it?/Te aAAw Tti't viroK€Lp.€voL, /xera Se xpdvoi' Tti'a 67ri tt^s /^aouAetas BacrtAetox» to{! doiSipov Kat det/xv?^o-TOV /iJao-tAews €A#oVtwi' 2apaK?;i/wv aVo 'A<f>piKrj<;, tov t€ SoAoWov* Kai tou 2a/?a Kat tov KAa^ovs, t /xera Kapa/3twv As', KaTtXafiov ev AeA/xaTta Kat kir6pdrj<ra.v to Kaarpov ra BovTofia Kai to KU(rT/)OV T^V P(UO~0~ai' Kat to KacTTpov ra. Aendrepa to Karw, KCU 1JA6W Kai ets to Kacrrpov 'Paoi'o-toi', Kai iraptKaditrav ui't«;) p.ijvas SeKa7rei'T€. J totc f3ia(rd(VTts ol 'Paoro-atot
1 ipfi^vevovrai, Banduri, Bekker. fort. <ru> ante Dayavoi legendum.
* Sultan, Mufarig ibn Salima.
f K\a(ftovc, or KhX^oPc (so in Constantine Porph., De Thrmatibus, ii., p. 61, ed. Bekker, where the same notice occurs, but the event is dated to the reign of Michael III., a.d. 842-867), represents the name Kalfun. See also Oontinuatio Thcophanis, p. 289.
% The two sieges of Ragusa (in a.d. 847-S and S66-7 ; see Cambridge Sicilian Chronicle, cd. Cozza-luzi, pp. 28, 30) are here confounded. Mufarig was the leader at the second ; probably Saba and Kalfun weir concerned only in the iir.-t.
■■BBiHHJ
GAYLAMOUNT
• uau ct otfcjr\c* SHHHHH1V nrurnti iinnanv IIP OCDl^
IN DALMATIA, CROATIA, AND SERBIA 13
(8i)XoTTon]crav Bao-tAeioj to3 detpv^crTaj /Sao-tAet Pcupatcov, AeyovTts avTw ovtws "e'Ao/o-ov fjpds, Kat p.y Ido-rjs aVoAeo-^at 7rapd twv dpvtjTiov tov Xpto-Tov." 6 8e /3ao-tAevs OTrAayxvto--0ets uVea-TeiAe tov Tro.rpi.Kiov NtKvyTa* Spovyydpiov tov TrAwtpov, ov to ZttlkXijv '£lopv<pa<;, juto. ^eAavSt'wv eKaTov* ot Se 2a/3a/c?;vot p.a96vres ttjv peTa, tov o~t6Xov a<f>i£iv tov TTarpLKiov 8povyyaptov toii 7rAuJtpov e</>vyov KaTaAt7rovT£S to KacrTpov 'Paovcriov, ko.1 dvTerepao-av ev Aoyov/^apSta, Kat TroAtop/ojo-avTes to Kao-rpov Bdpews t tovto €7rop#>/o-av. totc 6 2oA8avos KTtcras €Keto"e 7raAaTta KaTtxpaTijo-t 7raerav AoyovfiapSiav P-^XP 1 Pwimjs err] TeoxrapaKOVTa. o ovv fiao-i\evs Sid ri)v air lav TavrrfV a.Treo'TtiXe rrpos t« tov AoSdt>(ov | tov prjya 1 4 ) payytas§ Kat tov 7ra7ra Paip^s, tva rrvveTrap.vvrjTaL toj irapa. tov /3ao"tA€u>s d7roo-TaAevTt o~TpaT<t>. ol 8e VTrei^avres rrj tov /^acrtAecos atTvjo'ei, o tc p?i^ Kat o iraTras, fjXdov dp<p6repoi peTa Svvapecos ttoAAt/s, Kat evw-#evTes tu> 7rapa tov /Sao-tAews a7rocrTaA€VTt o"TpaTc3, dpa t<j> Xpw/3aTw toj Sep/3A(;j Kat Za^Aoi'pw 2 Kat Tepfiovvuorais Kat KavaAetVats Kat 'Paovov'ots, p«Ta 7rdvTGJV rav a7ro t^s AeApaTtas Kao-Tpwv (ovTot ydp 7rdvT€S fiao-iXiKij KeXevaei 7rapijo-av), Kat 7repacrdvT0JV cv Aoyov/3apSta eKadrjcrav 3 to KacrTpov Bdpewsll Kat aropdrjo-av avro.
'Icrreov 6Vt tov? Xpo/SaTOvs Kat tovs Aot7rovs ^KAapap-)(OVTas ot tov Kacrrpov 'Paovcrlov otV/yTopes peTa twv tStcov avTujv napafilwv 8t€7repacrav ev AoyovftapSla. Kat to pev KacrTpov Bdpews Kat tt)v \wpav Kat tt)v atxpaAaxrtav Tracrav
1 pfjya Meursius, oovica codd.
8 roct; Xpw/3aroic »cai Stp/SXotc <cai ZaxXo'V 01 ? scribenduni uidetur.
3 napiKciOtiaav coni. Bekker fort, recte.
* For Nicetas Ooryphas see Bury, History of the Eastern Roman Empire, p. 144. j Ban was captured by the Saracens about a.d. 840-1. \ Lewis II., Emperor a.d. 855-875. § Pope Hadrian II. || Capture of Bari, a.d. 871
14 EARLY HISTORY OF THE SLAVONIC SETTLEMENTS
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e/38op.7jS CTOI"? SW£ . tV 5« Till (U'TO) Ktt(TT/)(U KCITOU O
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1 Beqaitai bistoria de Soldano, ad res Dahnaticas niinime pertinens, 411:1111 omisi.
3 Fort. pt\pt tov i\uv -cro ptytOo^ '<> aftTiwg t^«i=». ptXP 1 T °v <icV »x«iv coni. Bekker.
* [ndiotioD 7=Annus Mundi 64f>7=A.D. 948, September 1, to 949, August 31.
GAYLAMOUNT
IN DALMATIA, CROATIA, AND SERBIA 15
"On <to> tov 1 ' AcnraXdOov Kacnpov, oVfp iraXariov /xiKpbv epfx-qveverat, 6 fiacnXevs AtOKA^Ttavos tovto iKncrev • et^€ Se auTO ws iStof oikov, Kat auAiyy otKooopryo-as tvSodcv koI iraXaTia, e£ £>v T<i 7rA£tova KaTtXvdiprav. crw^Tai 8e p^X/ 3 ' T0 ^ v ^ ,/ oAtyu, £*£ Sv eo-Tt to £7rio-K07r£iW toi> Kaarrpov kul 6 raos tou dytov Adprov, Iv to KarafcctTai o avrbs dytos Adpi'os, o7T€/d iyv koitujv To? ai'iTou (3a(Ti\eo><i AioKXrjTtai'ov. vttokutio Se avrov irirapxowTiv £iA?/paTiKat KCifiapai, aiTtvcs virfjp^oi' (fivXaKal ev afs tovS 7rap' avrov patravifcofKVOvs uytot>s lva7T£KAei€V dmyvftiSi u7roK£tTat oe Kat «v avT(j> t<o KacTTpio kcu o ayios , Ayao~Tuo"tos.
'Ort TO TEt^OS TOU TOIOUTO'IJ KUCTTpOV OVT€ OTTO jirjCTaAOiV
ecrrlv eKTia-fievov ovre dirb ky\opi)yoi\ dXX' uVo Xfflm 1 TeTpo-ireStKiov i^uvTOiV ei's jUMjKOS uVd dpyvtds a, itoXXukis Kat uVd Si'o, Kat to 7r Autos ova dpymds ptds, orrtres eto"t <rvv))ppoa-p.zvoi Kat cri'vSeo'epei'oi as dAAi/Aovs peTci o-tSv/piov €v poAt/i&o ey^uAiao-peicov. tcrrai'Tat 8e Kat as to tolovtov
K(L(TTpOV Kat KtOVCS TTVKVOl, C^OVTCS eVdVtO KOO-flLTUS, tV OlS
epeXXev o auTos /iao-tAei>s AtoKA^Ttavos ctA?//xaTiKas e'yetpat Kauapas, Kat crKe7rdo-ai to Kaarpov 6'Aoi/, Kat 7rotvyo-at tu 7raAaTta oi'toG Kat 7rdvTa to. otV/ypaTa toii Kaarpov eiravoi Ttov £tAry/jtuT(ov ineivitiv 8topo(jia Kat Tptdpot^a, <oo-Te yu.Tr) dAiyoi/ £K tou at''TOi> Kao-rpov £u-K€7rao-£. tov <3e toioi'tov Kixmpov to Tft^os oi"t£ 7T£pt7raTOV £>(et oiVf irpop-ayfivas, aAAa Tot^ovs poVoi's tyijXovs Kat TO^tKas (friorayioyovs.
"Oti to Kao-rpov to TeTpayyouptv /xtKpov am vi]<Ttov iv TQ 6akdo-(ri], ex ov Ka ' Tpu^/Aov £(os ti/s yr/s frTci'toTaroi/ Blkijv ye<f)i<piov kv u> StEp^ovTat ot KaTOtKO?i'T£S £ts to atiTo ndtTTpov. TfTpayyovptv Sfi KaAftTat Stct to Et'i'at ai'To ptKpov Slkijv dyyovp'iov. iv 8( tw ai'T(j) Kao"Tp(o a7TOK£iTat o aytos pdpTup AavpevTtos o ap^tStaKCOV.
"Oti to KucTTpov twv AfKaT£pwv tppiyvfufTat T>/ 'Po)paicov
16 EARLY HISTORY OF THE SLAVONIC SE1TLEMENTS
SiaAtKTw £a-T(.vwpkvov /cat TTivXi^ypivov, Sioti elo-epxerat V OdXacrcra oxnrep ykuxrcra ecrTcvaipevi] pk\pi T ^ v BeKaTrevre
KUl 1 (LKOiTl piXlWV, Kal CIS TO T?}s 9aXdo~Cr7)S (TVpTTXiJpit)pd
ecrrc to KacrTpov. ^X £L ^ T0 T0L0 ^ r °v KacrTpov kvkXov avrov opt) v\prjXd, dxTTf p6va> T<p Ka.XoKo.ipiu) fiXeTretv t6v r/Aiov 8id to pecrovpavdv, T(p 8e x a pa>vt ovBapws. eV 06 toj ai'iu KacrTpu) Keirai 6 dyios Tpvtpiov aKepaiws irdcrav vd<roi' ttoficvos, paXicna tovs vtto Trret'/iciTcuv UKaddprtjjv Tvpavvcrvuevorvs • o 8e vabs cu'tou coti'v elXijpaTiKOs.
Otl to KacrTpov tujv Aia8<opa)v KaActTat Ty 'Pwpaiajv StaAtK-Tu ta/x epaT, oVcp eppijveveTai. dirdpri yrov • SijXovoti ore ■>) Pwp?j kKTicrdr), TrpoeKTicrpkvov Jjv to toioutov KacrTpov • can Be to KacrTpov pkya. t) 8k koivtj crvvydeia KaXei avrb AiaSwpa. kv 8k T(j) auTw KcwrTpw Kerrai kv crapKi i) dyia AvacTTaaria* i) irapQkvos, dvydrijp yeyovovla EixrTa#ioi» 2 tou Kara rbv Kaipbv (Kflvov /3acriXevcravTo<;, Kal 6 ayios Xpt-o-d-yovosj poi-a^bs Kal pdprvs, Kal rj dyia dAvo-is aiVou. 6 8e vabs rrjs dyias 'AvacrTacrlas tcrrl opopt/cds, opoios T<J \aXK07Tpariii>v raw, pcTa /advwv 7rpao~iviDV Kal Xcvkwv, oAos tixovicrpevos e£ vXoypacpias dpy^aias • o S« 7tgitos avrov cVtiv a<rb crvyKOTryj 1 ; davpacrTyjs. ko~Ti 8k Kal fVepos vaos —Xijcriov aiTov €iA?/paTt»cos, y dyi'a Tpids • Kal eVdvco tou vaoG aiTov iraXiv eYepos vabs 6Yk>/v KaTij^ovpkvoyv, Kal at'Tbs etXyjpariKo';, «S ov Kai dvtpxovTat 8id KO^Actas.
"On ticrl vijaia vtto tt)v kiriKpareiav Tys AeApaTtas pe\p<-Bei'e/3«V(5ou 7ri'Ki'd kui —dp— oAAa, wttc pi]8e—0T€ (fto/Selcrdai
KXl'SwVa €K€ICT€ TO. 7rAota. f£ ai'TWV TWl' 1'1]CTIU)V CCTTt TO
1 Fort. -=;";>■ »cai. J Post Ei'-ora^iov excidissc aliquid conicio.
* The relics of St. Anastasia were brought from Sirmium to Oonstantinople in the fifth century, and removed to Zara in A.r>. 807. No Emperor Eustathius is known, and the text may be corrupt.
t < hrysogonus was a saint of Aquileia, martyred under Diocletian. His relics were taken to Zara, of which he became the patron saint.
GAYLAMOUNT
IN DALMATIA, CROATIA, AND B8BBIA
17
KacrTpou rj BefcAa, Kal els erepov vrjcrlov i) "A.pfii\, kui els erepov irqcriov i) "0\fapa, /cat els erepov vqcriov rb AovpfSpiKarov, driva KaTOiKOvi'Tai p.e\pt tov vvv • to. Se \ot~d elcrtv dotKi^ra, e\ovra epijpoKacrrpa, &v ra ovopard elcrtv ovrw, Karavrpe-Sevo) ITtj^i'X "^KepSd 'AAoMjff "EKipSuKicrva 1 Hvportpa MeAcrd EoTtovv^f, Kal erepa — dp—oWa wv ra ovo'^aTa ov vooivrat. ra 8e Xoiira Kacrrpa tu ovra els ti)v fyipdv tov diptaros Kat Kparrjdevra ~apa rwv elpijp.evi»v —KAa/?a>v dotm]Ta Kal epijpa tcrravrai, p.i]8evbs KarotKovvros ev avrots.
18 EARLY HISTORY OF THE SLAVONIC SETTLEMENTS
KEftAAAION A'
Au)yt]<Ti£ 7repi rov tikparoe AtXfiarias.
El -Jcriv i) yvwcris kolAoV, Kal rjfieis apa Ttui/ TrpaypaTwv Tijv yi'ukru' KaTaXa/xfidvovTes ov Troppw toi'tou yu'dpe^a. 1 odev Kal irdcri cpavepdv -ot.ovp.ev twv Lied' <}/ad$ Try pev
TOVTWV TTjV SrjXdXTlV 1T1J 8e eTepwV TLVWV dglo\6ywV, (I'd
8i~kovv i-rravaKoXovOiJ to ko.\6v. tols ovv ko.1 r/y> AeA-LLa-ia-s Ti)V TrapaXijiI/w fyjTOvcriv, dinus e\ij<f>6i] rrapa twv "2,K\af3iKU>v eOvwv, evTex-6ev e<7Ti Liadeiv. dAAd Trpdre/Dor nj» 0«rtr avrijs do)y?7T£OV.
'E#c TraXaiov p.ev tolvvv f) AcA/Acm'a tt)i/ apx') 1 ' f*** € '\ ei ' diro twv cri'vdpwv ^,vppa\iov »/yovi' a—b 'AvTifidpews, xal Trapereivero p.ev pe\pc twv rijs 'Icrrptas dpwr, HrAflrwero 6e LU\pi rov Aavov/3tov h:OTapov. i)v Be d—acra 7} TOtairy 2 ■jrepiywpo<s wri tt)i/ 'PcopouW dp\7^, Kal evBo£oTepov ri>v dAAcor ecnrepiwv 6ep.aTwv to toiovtov 6ep\a eTvyx<*w • -\ip> TTa.pz\i)4>9i) irapd twv iKXafta-iKwv edvwv Tpo~w Totr oe. KacrTpov tCTTt 7rA?;crioi' 'Acr-aAd^ov d SaAan-a AeyeTcu, Ipyov AtOKAnrtavou f3acri\ews. dAA' 7} per Acr-dAa^os /cat ai'77; 7rapd AtoK'A^Ttai'OV Iktio-Qi], Kal tcl avTOV oacriAiKa eKeicre ervy\avov eh 6« 2aA<3vav 8 KaTwKOi'v 01 peyio-Taves aiTOU K-ai TWV d\Aa>r iKavoi vrfjp\* Be to toiovtov KacrTpov xecpaXi] -do->]i Ti)i AeApaTias. i)$poi^ovTO ovv dva Trav eros i.K tCjv Xoitzwv Kacnpwv Tyjs AcApaTt'as crTpaTiwrou e^tmrot, *ai u-€ttcAAoi'TO drd tt]? SaAwKOS pe\P« TWV \<A<W, Kal
1 yivopeda, Bekkeri couiecturam adiuisi; yirw^eBa codd.
2 t<h 1 i., corr. Dekke .
t. i!a\aii m, ut infiv.
GAYLAMOUNT
• nn a r»w i i r» nr n 1
IN DALMATIA, CROATIA, AND SERBIA 19
€<f>l\a.TTOV €IS TOV &0LV0vf3l0V TrOTd/MOV tVtKO. TUf 'AfScipfDV '
01 yap 'A/3dpets tKeldev tov AavovfBiov —ora/xov ras StaTpt/3ds «—otoiWo, lv#a dpTt'ws €icriv ot TovpKoi, vopdBa fiiov £wvtcs. d—ep\6pevoi Bi ol AeA/xarias kot' ctos ZfiXeTrov jroAAaKts
tKadeV TOV TTOTC.//.OV TCI T€ KT1/V1/ Kal TOl'S dv^/DU/TTOVS.
(Sogev ovv aurots Kara Ttva xpdrov BiaTrepdo-ai Kal epeviiycrai rtvcs e«r»v ot €K€icre ti)v StaiTav e^ovTes. irepao-avres ovv cvpov ras yvvatKas rwv 'A/idpwv Kal to — atSta p.6va, tovs drSpas Se kou n)v aKpd£ovcrai' ijAtKtav ev ra^eiSf'w. acpvu) ovv €7T£TT€crdvTes y^paAwTeio-av atVovs, Kat v—io-Tpexpav aTaAat-wpais, dTroKopurai'Tes rqv TOiavrqv -paldav €ts 3 aXuva. a>s ovv v-rko-rp€\iav ol"Afiapes ck tov Ta^eiBtov Kal to yevopevov d<£ J 5v e—aOov ZjxaQov, iTapd\dTjO-av pkv, i)yvoovv Be OTrodev avVois i) TOtavri; 7rAi/yi/ TrpocreyeveTO. !6o£ev oi r avTors —apa<pv\dgai tov Kaipbv Kal p.a$elv to ttolv e£ avrov. Ittci ovv Kara to o-iVij^es a£0ts ot Tagewrat drrecrraA^crai' drro SaAwi'OS, i/crav Be oik eKelvoi dAA' eTepoi, T'L'-u eKet'vots Kat oiTOt Kara fiovkas edevTO. Bte—epao~av olv Kar' avruv, evrv\dvT£S Se auTots o-vvqy/zevots o/xov, ov)( u»s to TrpoTepov eo-KopTrio-fievots, ov p\6vov ovBev [oi'k] eVoti/crav aAAa /cat rd Travrcov SctvdraTa I—a#ov • ot p.ev yap avTtov io-'j)dyrjo-av, ol Be Xonrol eyeipbidqo-av ^aivres, Kat ovdets liceiVcov rwv x 61 / 5 ^ 1 ' e£e<pvyev. e^eTacravTes Se aiTovs Ttves Kai odev eixri, Kal dvapadovTes oVt e£ ax-Twi' e—adov ttjv uprjp.kvi)v —Xrjyqv, ert oe Kat rrcpt ti)s 7rotdn?T.os tov toVoi; avTbiv epevv^crai'Tes, Kat ocrov £^ (xkot/s epacr^erre?, eKparTjcrav tovs {wi'Tas Beo-p-LOvs, Kal eveBicraVTO to. ipdrta avrwv Ka#d
€K€tlO£. Kat Si) TOVS HT7TOVS dvaf3aVT€i } tVt 1 X € 'P a ? Ta T€
c^Ad/xovAa Kat toi AotTrd o~qp.ua a e~e<pepovTO p.eT avTwv, dirijpav rrdvTes (pocraaTLKws Kat Kara tv/s iaAwros wppi;crai'. (lis ovr Kat tov Kaipov epa^ov tifn'"~avT€S Kad ov ot Ta^ewTat €K tov Aavovfiiov i—ecTTptcpov (i]v Se to peya Kat dytov o~df3(3aTOv), 1/A6W Kai Kara Ti;v ai'-Ti/r y/itpav. Kat to pev
20 EARLY HISTORY OF THE SLAVONIC SETTLEMENTS
:rA'/}0os, ore ojirov —Xtjo-lov iyevovro tou <f)Ocr<TaTov, d—e-Kpvfir) ' p«XP l ^ r ^ v X t ^tcul/ ' ogives toi's re i'—-oi>s koX tus (ttoXcls €ts d~drrjv (KeKTrjvro twv AfXparinov, e'gijXao-av. dvayvtupio~avT€S Sc ol tov Kacrrpov ra re crr/peta nai ttjv dp,cf>iao~iv OVTWV, ciAAd Kat tj)v fjfxepav ws €#ous ovtos aiTois tou VTrcxTTpefaw ev avrij, i)voi^u.v rds TrdpTas Kat < Trcoe^avTO avTovs pcTa TrepL^apeias. eKeivot Se a^a tov eto-eA#€tv ras re 7rdpTa§ eKpuV?)crav, kcu 8-qXrjv Sid cri]p.€iov t/)v irpa^tv tw <f>o<TcrdTO} TreToii^Kores o-vveto-Spa/xetv teal avveicreXOilv Trap€<TK€va(rav, Ka.Teo~<fxi£av ovv 7r«VTas tovs t^s TrdAetus, Kat Iktotc KaTtxpaTrjcrav Trucrav T7jv \ittpav AeAp.a-t'as Kat KarecTKi']ViO(rav kv avry. p.6va 8e ~a Trpos ^aAacrrrav 7roAt^vta ov crweScoKav avTOts, dAAd KaTet^ovro —apa twv 'Ptopauov Sta to eivat tov 7rdpov tv}s ^w^S avrulv «k TTys OaXaavrrp. iSovtcs ovv ot 'A/3dpeis KaXkurrrfv ouo-av tv)v rotavnyv yj/v Kareo-Kvyrwcrav ev avry.
Ot 8e Xpw/3aTOi koltwkovv ti]viko.vto. tKeWev Bay ifiapeias, evda etcrtv dpTtws ot BeAo\pw/iaTOt. pa §€ yeved c$iaxw-pio-Oetcra e£ avriiiv, ijyow ddeAt^oi ttcitc, 6 Te KAovkus Kat o Ad/3eAos Kat 6 Koo-evT^s Kat 6 Moi'xAw Kat 6 Xpw/jaTOS, 1 Kat dSeA^at 6\'o, 1} Tovya Kat 77 Bovya, /t£To tou Aaov avTtoV JjXdov eis AfApaTt'av, Kat e5/0OV tovs 'A/3dp£ts KaT€\ovTus ti)v Totavrv/v yi}v. eVi Ttvas ovv \povovs 7roXep.ovyr€s aXXy-Aots v-epicrxva-av ol Xpwfidroi, Kat tovs /uev twv 'Afidpwv KaTeo-(po.£av, tovs <3t Aot-ovs vrroTayj/vai KttrT/vdyKacrav. €ktot€ ovv KaTeKparrjdi] t) 70io.v7i] X l "P a ^apd TwvXpa»/3aT(ov Kat eicriv aKfMrjv ev XpwjSariy. en [tovs] 2 twv 'Afidpwv, Kat ytvojo-Koi'Tat 'A/3dp£is ovtes.
Ot 6e Aot-ot Xpufidroi epctvav 7rpc>s ^payy/av,* Kai Aeyoi'Tat dpTt'ws BeAoxpw/^droi ?}yovv dcnrpoi Xpw/iuTOt,
1 X(Ow/3dro<: conicio.
2 -ore,- inclusi; fort. <:i)( i > k : /('j'oc, Banduri.
* The subjects of Boleslav I., ot liohemia, are probably Bieaut (WeBtberg).
GAYLAMOUNT
IN DALMATIA, CROATIA, AND SERBIA 21
e\oiTti to J' iSiov apxovTa.' VTroKtLvrai 8e "flru* tu peyaAw prjyl ^payytas rr/s Kal 2a£ta?, Kat dfiaTTTurroi Tvyxdvovcri, eniforevSepias uctci rovs TovpKovs ko.1 ayaVas tyovrts. aVo oe Xpuif3dro)i' twv eA^dvTwv eV AeApaTtu. bieyupio-drj /xeyoos Tt, kui (Kpa.Tt)(T€ to 'I AAi'pt KOV Kat W/i' Ilavvoi'tav. ct'^ov 81 kolI avrol dpypvra avre^ovcnoi; 8ia7rep7rdp€i'ov 7rpbs top-up^oi'Ta Xpu>/3aTtas KaTO. (ptkiav. P-*XP L &* XP° VWV TLV ^ V vireTu<j(rovTO Kat ot €1/ AcApaTta oVtcs Xpto/3aT0t tois ^payyots, Ka#cos Kat TrpoVepov ev TQ X^PQ a ^ T ^ v ' toctovtov 8e €(TKXi]pvi'ovro ol Qpdyyoi Trpbs avrovs ore rd VTropdvBia T»v X.p(oftd.TO)V (povevovres Trpocrkppnnov avrd cna'Aa^t. p.rj Svvdpevoi oe ol Xpw/?aVot ravra Trapd twv ^payywv v<£t-(TTao-Oai ouo-Ti](rav d—' (jlvtwv, (poveivavres Kal ovs et\ov dpxovras e£ auTtow • odev lo--pd.T€v<rav hot' avrwv airo 4>payytas </>ocro-aTOv p«ya, Kat cttI €7TTa xpdvous TroXepvfj-(ravns d.AAi/Aots d^e Kat pdyts ?—ept'o"Xvo-av ol Xpw/^dVot, Kat aVeiAoi/ Tovs ^pdyyovs 7rai'Tas Kat Toy dpxovra auTtuv KoT^t'Ati' KaAou/xei'OJ'. €ktot£ 8e petVai'Tes ai'ToSea-7roTOt auTo-vopot tgijTi'jcrai'TO to aytov fSd—TLcrpa Trapd to? <-ra7ra> 1 'Ptoav/S • Kal a7T€CTTaA7yo-av Itt'lo-kottol Kal kfidrnio-o.v avrovs «Vt II optVovf to? ap^oi'Tos avruv.
Ai€jJLepio~9t] ovv i] X^P 0, avT ^ )V e '5 foviravias ta, rjyovv *] XAcptava, 7} T^evT^iva, toi "Hpo-a, r) IIAe/?a, 1} necrevra, 77 Tro.pa$a\ao~cria, ?} Bpe/^cpa, ?y Nova, vy Tvvyva, 77 StSpaya, 7} XtVa • Kat 6 f3odvos av'Twy Kparel rrjv Kpifiacrav, ri]v AiT^av Kat tv)v rovT^o-K-a. 2 Kat >/ pey ilp-qpkvq Xpa>/?aTta, aAAa Kat ot AotTrot 2KAa/3trtot 3 StaKetVTat otjtw?. t) Se AiOKkrja —\r)0~Lafy.i Trpbs ra Kao"TeAAta to? Ai'ppa^tov rjyoui' 7rpos tov 'EAto"croi' Kat 7rp5s Tof EAkvuov Kat T7JV 'Al'Tt-
1 «=7ra7r«=» addidi. s rovr^iiffxa B ; rovr£i|Ka P. edd.
3 at \onrai 2»c\o/3t)'!a( conicio.
* Otto I., King A.D. 936-973 ; crowned Emperor 962.
f Poriuos = Borna, dux Dalnutiae, iu Anu. r. Franc, sub 819.
22 EARLY HISTORY OF THE SLAVONIC SETTLEMENTS
fiapiv, kgu epx€Tcu p-^XP 1 twv AeKaTepwr, —pbs ra opavd oe 7rAr/cr(a^€t tvJ 2ep/3Aia. u7rb Se rov Ka&Tpov rwv AeKarepwv ap^erai i) ap\ovTia Tepfiovvias, Kai TrapeKreiverai p^XP 1 T0 ^ 'Paouo-iou, Trpos Se to. dpeivd avTTjS 7rA77Grid£ti Tjj ~ep/3Ai^. U7rb 8t TOi! 'Paovcrtov apxerai 77 apyovria tujv Za)(Aoi'/xwv Kai 7rap€KT£U'£Tat p«XP l 70 ^ OpovTiov vorajiov, Kai 7rpos pel/ tt)v 7rapa^aAa<j(rtav 7rA?ja-td^€t rots Ilayavots, 7rpos 8e Ta dpeu'd ets apKTOV jx\v TrX-qcrid^ei rots Xp<o/3uTOis, eis K€(f>a\i]v 8e rrj 2ep/3Aiu. a7ro 8e to{S 'OpovTiov TTOTapoo ap\£Tat 77 riayai'iaj Kai TrapeKTeu-eTai p-*XP L T0 ^ iroTap.ov t^s Zei'TiVas, Tpets ex oiJO " a £owavias 5 tt)v 'PacrrwT^av Kai to MoKpov Kai to AaAer. Kai at pev Svo £bV7ravieu, vyyovv 7/ 'Pdo-rcoT^a, Kai ?} tou AloKpoij, 7rpocrKeivTat rg OaXao-o-y • arrives Kai crayz/vas exovcriv • 77 6"e tou AaAevou p.rjK69ev eo~Ti ttjs 6aXd(ra"t]s, Kai eK tv}s epyacrias (wen T7^s y7'ys. 7rA77crid£ovcri 8e avTOts V'Tjcroc Teo-o-apes ru AleAeTa, ia Koi'pKovpa, 77 Bapr^w Kai 6 •I'dpos, KaAAio--ai Kai ev^opwrarai, e'p^jpo-KacrTpa exovaai Kai eAwvas 1 ttoAAoi's • oiKovai Se ev arrais Kat e^oi'o-i Ta KTi'ji'tj avTwv Kai e£ uvtwv £cotrir. d-irb Se T77S ZevTiVas totj TTOTapou dp^CTat 7} X^P a T V <S XpwpaTias, Kat 7rapeKT€tVeTat 7rpbs pev t»iv TrapatfaAao-o-iW pexpi Twv crwo-pcov 'Iorptas 7'jyow tou Ka&rpov 'kXfiovvov • 7rpbs Se Ta dpeivd Kai V7T€pK6tra( pexpi Ttl '°S T(£ #epaTi 'Icrrpias, ~Xrj-o-id£ei Se 7rpbs rqv T£evTiva Kai T7;i/ XAe/3era -// X°W ^ep/JAi'as- 7} yap x^/° a -ep/3A/as eis KvpaXijv pkv lent. Tracrwv tQv Xonriov x^puv, 7rpbs dpKrov S« <rA7;crtd(et tvJ Xpco-/3aTta, Trpos p.ecri]pf3piav 8e tij BorAyapta.
'A</>' ou 8e KaTecrK/yrtocraj' ol t el pi] pivot iKXdfiot, KarcKpa-T77o-av —do-at- tt)i' —tpix<»pov AeApaTtu?. Ipyd^ovTO 8« Ta Kao-Tpa twv 'Pwpauov Tas i'7ycroi'S, Kai €^07'v €^ avraiv VTrb 6e Twr LTayavwv ko^' eKtumjV t-aLXP-aXwrifopevoi Kai d</>avi£op£ioi Ka-cAt-n-ov Tas TotaiVas viycroxs, fSoi'Xopeiot. t<s
GAYL AMOUNT
IN DALMATIA, CROATIA, AND SERBIA
23
rrjv -I'jTreipov Ipyd^crdai. iKtitXvovTO Be irapa twv XpwfiaTwv ' owroi yap ereXovv cu'tois <£opovs, dXXa -arret a7r«p apTiu>s irapex ov(Ti T0 ^ -kA(x/3ois, no crTpaTip/M ravra 7rape(XOi'. dSwaTcos 8e «x oi ' T€S T0 ^ £5 V vpocrrjXdov BacnAti'oj no ioiSiptp [iacriXei, dj/a8i3a£avTes rd dpi)pkva rdvra. 6 ovv doi'Sipos €«£U-os /?acriAevs BacriXeios TrpoeTpeiparo trdvTO. to, 8i8op€m tw o-TpaT^yu! SiSocrdat Trap 1 avTwv tois -KAapois *ai ctp?;-rucws £p' /*"■' ttvra*'! KC " /fy a X^ Tt SiSocr6\u tw err partly oi, iVa pcW SeiKVtn-ai 7} Trpbs tovs fiacriXels rwv Ta>paiW koi 777)05 tov a-Tparrjybv avTWV VTrorayi] kcu 8ovAco(ris. *ai eKTore eyevovTO irdvTa rd TOiavTa Kacrrpa vrrofyopa twv 2K-Aa/iwv, Kai reAovo-tv ovutois TraKTa, to ptv Kcurrpov t) 'AcnrdXados vop.icrp.aTa cr', to Kacrrpov to TeTpayyoi'piv vopio-p-ara p', to Ka<rTpov Ta AidSwpa pi', to Kao-Tpoi/ to "0\l/apa p', to Kao-Tpov 1} "Ap/ify p', to Kcurrpov 1) Be/cAa p', ws op-ov vop.icrp.aTa \j/i , cktos oivov *ai Ircpwv 8ia(/>opo)v £i'S(uv • TauTa yap 7rAeiovd eicriv wep rd vop.icrp.aTa, to 8e KocrTpov to 'Paoronov pco-ov TtDv 8vo yupuv 7rpdo-K€iTai, TOJf T£ ZaxAorpwv K-ai TJJS Tep/^owi'as' cxovcn ^ KCtt T0 ^ s "F"" 6 -Awi-as avTu>v els dp</>OT£pas Tas X^P as » KC " T£ ^°" 1 ^P 05 M* 1 ' toi' apxovTa twv ZaxAox'pcov vopicrpara As', 7rpbs 8c tw up\orra Tfp/3oi'vids vopicrpaTa As'.
24 EARLY HISTORY CF THE SLAVONIC SETTLEMENTS
KE<f>AAAIOX A A'
Tltpi Tuiv S.p oSdrwi', t I 5fi vvi oik Cm \(l)paQ.
On oJ Xpcu/Jarot ol el$ ra AeA/xuruxs vvv KaroiKOVvres /x€/n/ a;ro rwv dfia—TLCTTiDV Xpioftdriov ron- Kai l axnrp&v C7rovo/xa£b/xertov Karayoi'rau, or-n-es Tovpulas /xei' e/vei^ci' ^/jayyt'as 8e TrXrjaiov KaroiKOvcri, /cat crvvopovcn -Kkdfiois to's dfia—-t(TTOis 2ep/3Aois. To Se X/>to/3aroi ry twc
SkAo/Jo)]' 8taA«KTW kpfJ.ip'€V£Tai, TOl<T€0~~lV ol TTfV itoWrjv
\i'tpav Kare\ovr€i. ol Se avrol XpwSarot ets Tor fSao~iXea TtDi' 'Pw/xcuan' 'H/ariK-Actor 7rpdo-</>vyes —apzykvovro rrpb rov to?-> ^.epfSXovs irpocr(pvyeii' sis TOV avrbv /?aovAea 'Hpa/<Ae«ov, Kara t6v naipuv ov ol 'Afidpeis TroXzp i'jO-avrz$ a7r' e/ceure TOVS Pco/xarovs evaTreSi&^ai; ovs 6 /SatriAcus A«ok'A?;rtai'os a^ro "Piojiiji dyayu>v eiceun KarecrKt'jVtoO'e ' 810 kgu 'Pw/xavoi l/cAiy-diyrav Sid tu drrb 'Ptoxt^s peroiKovs avrovs yevevOai fv rats TOtavrcus \u>pais ijyovv rv}s i'fi' /caAov/xer^s Xpw/3artas kcu Scp/JAias. 7rapa Be roiv 'Aftdpw &c8ua\$evr€S ol avrol 'Poj/xavoi er reus yp.epais rov avrov /3acriAea>s 'PayxcuW Hpa/vAetov, a< tovto)V epi)p.oi Kadeo~ri')Kacri \wpai. rrpocr-rd£a oil' Tor /3ao~iAe<os 'HpaK-Aeiov 01 ai'TOi Xpw/iaroi KOTa-7roAe/ix//o-arTe'; kcu a—b twv eKeTcre rovs 'AfSdpovs IkSiwAxvtcs, Hpa/<Aet'ov toC /^aovAeto? KcAcvcret er t>; raVy twv 'Aftdpwv ^(opa, m tjV vvv oikovci, Ka~ecrKy']vioo~a.v • etYOV 8e o< cu'toi XpcopaTOi tu> Tore Kcupoj dp^ovra tov rrarkpa Tor Ilopya. o 6e fiamXevs 'H/xiAcActos a—oorci'Aas kcu a7rb 'Pio/xr/s ayaywi' itpeis, kcu e£ airnov TrooyVa? dpy^i€—io~KO~ov kcu €—io~ko— ov 12
GAYLAMOUNT
IX DALMATIA, CROATIA, AND SERBIA 2o
Kal irpecrfivrtpovi tcai otaKorovs, tovs Xpw/3aT0us e/KMrTW€i» • ttvov Be tu Tore Katpcu ol toiovtoi Xow/?aTOi dpxovTa T « 1 ' EEopya.
"Oti i) TOtavnj X^P a €l '* 9 V °' Xpw/3aT0i KaT€o-K?p/w#//crav t£ dpx>jS ito TTJV e£©OT*av i]v tou /3ao-iAews twv 'PtupatW, e;- ov K-at TraActTia kou t-770Gpdpta tov f3acri\i(os AiokAtj-Tiai'oi" ev r§ rwv ai'rwv Xpw/JaVwv X°W M^XP 1 T ^ s VL ' V 7T€/5to-(.^ovrat ei's to K-ao-Tpoi' SaAwvas, TrXt)0~iov tov Kacrrpov ' Xo-rraXddov.
"Oti ovtol ol /3a-rtcr/i.€VOt Xpojfidroi e£w0ev ttjs uSias avnuv X^P a<i "oAepeiv dAAoTptois ov fiovXovTOi' XPV cr l x0V yap nva Kal 6pio-/ibv ZXafiov Trapd tov Trdrra Puip^s tov €7Ti tov 'HpanXeiov tov oao-tAews 'PwpatW aTrocrTeiAavTOS tepeis Kat tovtovs fia—Tio-ai'TOS. Kal yap ovTOt ot XptopaTOt, pcra to at'Tovs fia-Tio-drjvai, crvvdijKas Kal iSid\eipa eTror^cravTO Kal Trpbs tov dytov IleTpoi' tov d7rdo-ToAov opKOVs fiepaiovs Kal dcr^aAets, iva p^SeVoTe ei's dXXoTpiav x&pav aTreX6<oo-i Kal — oAepiycrwcriv, dAAd pdAAov clp-qveveiv [xeTa. 7ravTwv twv (3ovXop.kvm>, Aa/3dvT£5 Ka* Trapd tov aiTOv 7ra7ra Pcupqs
EVV^V TOtdvSc (US 61 Tt^CS dAAoi 101'lKOl KaTa T?)S TftIV aiTWV
Xpw/3aTwv x°V as €~eA#u)crii' Kal -dAepov e7T€V€yKWO-tr, ivo o T<Dr XptuSaTcov #ebs Trpoo-TroXcp.it Kal TrpotcrTaTat, K-at vtKas avTots IleTpos 6 tov Xptcr-ov pa#??W)s 7rpo£evet. peTa Se Xpdrovs -oAAovs £V tois lypepats Tep-^pep?/ tov dpxovTOS, tou -aTpbs tov dpxoi'TO? KpacR7pepj/, cA#wv otto «I>payyias T§s peTa£v Xpa)/3aTias Kat BeveTt'as aMj/l Tts twv rrdvv pev evAa/?wi', MapTtvos dvo'paTt, vx^l*-* B\ KOO~p.iKOV Trepi3e/3Xi]-pei-os, ov Kal Aeyovcriv oi aiVot Xpa>/3aVot davfiaTa iKava -oivyo-at • do-deviji 8e flv 6 TOtouVos evAa/3v/s diojp Kat tovs jrd5as ijKp(DTi]piao~p.ei'o$, ii>o-T€ vrro Tecro-dptov Kat /JacrTa'(Wc'ai Kat 7repi<f>(p€o-0ai orrov 8' ov Kat /?oi'A?/Tat, Wpv TOtaiT>;i' tov dytwraTOv 7rd7ra evtoA^V Tots avTots Xpw/3aTOts Sta->;peti' Itevpi TeAovs ^w^s aiVtuv «—e#ccT7rtcrev, tVev^dperos 8e Kat arr's avTots t>)v opoiar tov Trdrra eu\ijv. 8td tovto ovre at
26 EARLY HISTORY OF THE SLAVONIC SETTLEMENTS
crayT/vai nZv tolovtojv Xpw/jdru>j' ovre al KOVTOvpai. ovdeTrore Kara Ttvos —pos -oXepov a— epxoi'Tai, €>i M "P a Tts KaT
ai'TWl' tTTeXdoi. 77A>)v 010. TUV T010VTWV —XoilDV d~€pXOVTai
01 (3ovX6pevoi rwv XpwSdrwv 8totK€iv epTropta, d~b udo-rpov els ndcnpov —epiepxdpevoi ttjv re Tlayaviuv ko.1 tov koXttov tv/s AeAuaTias KO« peXP L Bevercas.
"Otj 6 apxtav XpwfSarias e£ a PX''') s ) V'/ ovv c '~° r 'l^ fi a0 ~'--Aeias 'HpaKAetoi' to? [SaaLXews, oovXlkuJs ecrrti' vffOTeray-ftfi-os tw (3ao-iXei 'PcopouW, kcu oi'SeVoTC tu ap\oirt BovAyapi'a? Ka^i'-eray?;. aAA' oi'Se Boi'Ayapos u-v}A0€ Tr/aos 7ToAe/xov Kara, twv Xpa>/3aran', e! /it) Mtx a ^/A o ap\ w,/ BouAyapias, 6 Bopuicr?/;, 1 * d-eXOwv Kal ~oXepr]rra<; avrots rcai priSev dvvcrai Swr/deh elpijvevcre per' avTwv, £eviao-as Tors Xpw/3aroi'S «at £ev{ao-#£is Trapd rail' Xpw/3aTCDi\ aAA oi'^e — w-oTC 01 XpwSa-ot ovtoi rots BovAydpois JraftTOV 8e8ojKao-tv, ei pi ttoAAcxkis dp<poTepoi gevtd rtva —pos dAAji-Aoi'S Trapecrxov <piXo<f}povijo-ews a-eKa,
"On <ev>ry f3a.Tr-io-p.evri XpiofiaTUL 2 elcri Kacrrpa olkov-peva ■'] Nova, to BeAoypaSov, to BeAtV^ctv, to ^KopSova, to XXefiera, to StoAttov, to Tei'J/r, to Kopi, to KXaSwKn.
'On i) (ia-rivpen) Xpa>/3aTia exfidXXei KafiaXXapiKOV etos twv £' uu, ~e£u<ov 8e Icos x i ^ lc ^ a? P' Ka ' o-<xy»p'as P*XP l T ^ v v koI Kovrovpas p-'^XP 1 r ^ v P ' KaL ai l x * v o ' a y0 1 ' aL eX ov<Tlv dvd dvSpwv p', at 8e KOvBovpai dvd dvSpiZtv K, al 8e pinpo-repai KOvSovpai dvd dv8pC>v i .
"Oti ttjv roAAip' Tavrrjv Svvapiv Ka! to to? Aaoi^ rrXqOos elxev t) Xpw/?aTi'a peXP 1 T0 ^ «PX 0VT0S Kpacrripcp)), Kaxeivov pev reXevTijo-avTOS, tov Be vlov avTOv ^lipoo-6Xdf3ov up£aiTos err) reo-aapa ko.1 V7rb tov Upif3ovvia fioedvov dvaipeOevTOS, Kal 8txo»'0'wv K'at ttoAAwi' Sixoo-rao-uZv eh Tqv \iopav yevo-uevcav, 7yAaTTWTat Kat to xapaXXapiKov Kal to re^ucov i<a«
1 Fort. Bofii(TT]c. 2 ij /3anTMr/ii>ij Xpu>,3n7i'a codd., correxi.
* Boris (baptismal name, Michael), King of Bulgaria ad. 852-888.
bbshhv GAYLAMOUNT
IN DALMATIA, CROATIA, AND SERBIA
27
at crayTjvai /cat at KOvSovpai rrjs e^oi'trias TWV XpwpuTOJv. aprius 8e lx €6 o-ayijvas A', /covSovpas 1 peyaAas /cat pt/cpds, »cai KafSaWapiKov /cat —e£t/cdv.
"O-rt 7} p.eya.ki] Xpwf3arla 1) /cat 2 acnrp-q e-ovopa^opevrj doaTr-rtcrTOS rvyxaV" P-*XP L T ^ s o-^pepov, kclOws /cat 01 irA?70-<u£o;'T£$ avryv ~ep/3Aoi. oAtywrepov /cuoaAAapt/cov tKftdWovcrtv, opotws /cat re^tKOV 77apa TiJV [3a.7TTi<rp.ei'i]v XpwfSariav tos oi'V€\eo-Tepov 7rpo.18ev6p.evot. Trapd re t<ov 4>pdyywv /cat Toi'p/cwv Kat IlaT^ti'a/ctTuh'. dAA' orSe cray^vas K£KT7;i'Tat ovre /covSovpas oiVe epTropevriKO. TrXola, MS pqKodev ovaijs rqs ^aAao-o-)?s " citto yap rwv e/cetorc p^X/ 36 T '/ s OaXdo-o~q<; 686s eo-Tiv i)pepwv A'. ?} 8« 0dAacro-a eis rjv Sta tw r/pepwv A' K-arepx 01 " 7 " 0 ' £ '°" T ' V 7 ) Aeyopev?/ Z/coreti'//.
28 EAELY HISTORY OF THE SLAVONIC SETTLEMENTS
KE3>AAAIOX AB'
ri€(oi riov 'HZepflkuv kcii 7/q vw oIkovgi x<opag.
'laTCOV on 01 -epftXoi diro twv d(3a.-Tio-T(DV IkpftXwv twv kolI acr—pwv e—oi'opa^opevtov Kardyovrai, twv tv}? TovpKiai etxeldev koltoikovvtuv et? tov —ap' avTols Boiki nwrov €7roio-pa^opei'or, ev oh TrXyjcridfci Kat f] Qpayyla, opotws Kat v; peydA?/ Xpu>/?ana 7} dftd-ncrros t) ko.1 dcnrprj -poarayopev-Ofievr] • eK€io-€ ow kcu oSrot 01 ~ep/3\oi to a—' apx^S KaTu>-koi^. 6\'o 81 dSeX^wv tt)i' dp\i]v tt}s -epfSXias €K tou irarpbs 8ia8e^ap.evwv, 6 eh avrwv to tov Aaor dvaAa3o'p€ios r^picri' et9 'HpaK-Aetoi' tov /3acriAea 'PwpatW Trpoo-ecpvyev, ov kcu —pocr8e£dpevos o CWTOS 'Hpa/cAetos /3acriAer$ 7rapecrY£ tottov a's K-aracrK?}va>crtv ev tgj depart Geo-craAovtKTis ra ^.ep-/3Ata, a Ik-tote T?p' TOiav-r/v -pocrjjyopt'av rapti A?/c/)e. 1epf3\oi 8e tq tu)v 'PwpatW StaAeKxw Soi/Aot 77 poo-ay opevoi'T at ■ ofov xai crepftovXa 1) koivi] crvvijdeia to. Soi'Aikws 1 </»/crti' viroor)-para, Kat T^epftovXiavovs rovs ra ei'TeAv; Kat irevtxpd vttoSt;-para ^opouvras. ravTTjv Oe tt)v hnowfiuiv ecr^ov ot ~epfi\oi Bid to SouAot yeveo~$ai tov /3acriA€to$ 'Ptupatwv.
MeTct 8e xpoi'ov rivet e8o^€ tou? avrovs 2ep/3Aous eis l» tSta dreA^etV, Kat toutous dwrarretAev 6 (3ao~i\evs ' ore 8« Su-epacrav tov Aui-or 3tv rroTapov, perapcAot yevopeiot epv/ri'crar'HpaK-Aetw tu fiacriXei Std tou crTpaT>7you tou totc to BcAdypaSov KpaTOiWos Sourat ai'TOts erepaf yip- eis KarcuncnvaxTtv. Kat eireioSj 1) vvv i!ep/3Aia K-ai Ilayai'ta Kat iy oVopa£opev?i ZaxAoupon' X 0 ^/* 1 Ka ' Tepfiovvia Kat ?? twi> Kai/aAtTwv 1V0 rv)v e^ovcrtat' tou /JacnAews'Pwpat'an' iVijpxoi',
GAYLAMOUNT
IN PALMATIA CROATIA, AND SE1
29
fyevovro &e at -OLavrat "^ojpat €prjp.ai —apd tojv 'A/3dpu)V {d~b tojv eJCCMTC yap 'PojuaVoi/s tovs itv AcA/xartdi' Kai to Avppd^iov oiKOvvTas dV/yAacrav), Kai 1 KarecrK/yi ojo"£v o fiacriXex-s rois avrovs —ep(3\ovs Iv rats TOiaiTat? ^ajpats. kcu Tycrav x«p fiacriXei 'Pwaatojv iTTOTacrcrduerot' ovs o ^acriAcis —pccr-SiVas 2 d~o 'Pwuxys dyaywv cftd-ncre, kcu 0t8a£as avrovs tci r?ys evcrefieias reXtlv KaAoJs ai'Tois <«|V> ruiv Xpio"Ttttiojr 3 tt'kttiv k^kdero.
'F.—el 6e v) Boi'Ayapt'a xVo rrjv t.£ovo~lav tjv run- 'PcouatW, aiTOV ovv <ror> 4 apx o,/T0 5 "ov -epfiXov rov eh rl>v fiatriXea —pocr<b\-/6vros TeAa-'TTyVavros, Kara cuado^vyi' '}p^€i' d vids acroc kcu — aAtv d lyyojv, Kai ovtojs e« rvys -/eyeds ai'-rov ot Kadegrjs ap^oi-res. uerd 6*e ^pdvovs T*ras eyevm'jdi] «£ aiTwr d Boio-£cr#Aa/3os Kai t£ avrov d t Poddo"6 l Aapos Kai d—' vcelvov 6 ripoo-TiydTis Kat e£ eneivov 6 BAacrrv/pcpos, Kai ut'xpts avroij toij BAacrTTyuepoi' uerd tojv 2ep/3Aojv eipqviKws ctereXovv at Boi-Ayapoi tu? yelroves Kai crvvopirai dya—wires aAAvyAovs, e\oiT€S de Soi'AoJcnv Kai urorayip' eis tovs p'acrtAeis rwi' 'Poj/zatojv Kai evepyeroxpevoi Trap' avriov. eV< Sc rijs "PX'^i ~°u avrov BAaor >ypepoi> -qXBev /icra roAi/uov flpecrtau* 6 dpYwv BovAyapias Kara twv n 2eppXxav ) BeXiov tVTOliS {•—oTci^at • dAA' eVi rpierlav rroAeu/ycras ov povov ■ coev vyircrev, dAAa Kai Aadv avror TrAetarov a—wAecre.
Merd 06 ddvarov BXacrrrjpepov rov dp^ovTos d<eoe£avTO nyv dp)('>v Tv"ys — ep/j'Atas ot rpets itoi arrov 6 MowTtprypos teat o 2-rpovypepos Kai d Tot'i'tKOSj pcpio-upevoi T/yv x t ^/ [)ai ''
1 cat fort, omittendum. * r. tc&vTtpovs conicio.
3 «=r/7i=»- ru/i' Xoisriavw Bekkeri coniecturam admisi, ruJv ^pu-vu))' codd.
4 «=:-,..:= at E-kkor uidit. idem eoni. rijc IfoJXiat- fort, recte.
* rresiam, probably identical with Malamir, Kiug of Bulgaria c. a.d. 836-852. See Bury, Hii(o)-y of Ea *pp. X.
30 EARLY HISTORY OF THE SLAVONIC SETTLEMENTS
eVt tovtwv Trapeyevero 6 ttJs BovAyapt'as ap^wv Mt^a7;A. o Bopi<TJ]S OeXwv eKStK^crat tt)v rjrTav LTpecridp tov —arpos avrov ' kou TroAepv^cas, ets toctovtov avrov eVro^o-av 01 —ep/3Aot wcrre koll tov vlbv avrov BAao"T?}pepov cKparrjcrap oWpiov //era kui /?oAtdowv 8w8eKa peydAwv. Tore Se tv/ tov vlov 0\i\f(i kolI pi) #eAo>v o Bopt'cn/s €ipyvevo~e peTa rwv 2ep/?Awv. peAAaiv Se V7rocrTpe</>eiv ev BovAyapta, Kai <pof3ri-deli p,i'j~ore evetSpevVwo-tv ai'Tov oi Sep/3Aot ko.6' 68ov, 1 e7re^-?;crev ets cudo-awii' avrov rd tov apx oi ' T °5 MovvTip^pou 7rat6ia, rbv Bopeva v Kat roi' Srecpavov 01 kolI Steo-wo~av avrbr d(3\a3rj pe\pt rwv crvvopwv ea>s tt)s 'Pdo-r/s. Kat iVep rijs TOtavn/9 x*/ )tT °5 SeSuiKev avrots MiX a ')A 6 Boptcn/s Stuped? peydAas ' Kat eKetvot dvTedViKav aiVw \d.piv £eiuuv \lv\dpia 8vo, (paXxtoi'Lo. 8vo, o-Kvkia 8vo Kat yoi'vas evvenyKOvra ■ 07rep Aeyovcriv oi BorAyapot etVat — a/crov.
Meru ptKpbv 8e eyevovro kolt' dAAi/Awv oi rpefs d^eAc^oj oi apx ovT€ S 2ep/3Atas ' Kat yevopevos cttik parecrrepos 6 e?s avrwv 6 Movvrtpippos, ko.1 dzkiov povos tt)v <*PXV v *~eX €l,/ » Kpa-ijcras TrapeScoKe Tor? <5vo ev Boi'Ayapt'u, povov to — atStor tov evbs a8e\(f>ov Yolvikov IleTpov ovopan Trap' eax'rw Kpa-r^a-as Kat eVtpeAoi'peios, oo-ns Kat cpvyiov fjkdev eis Xpw/3a-Ttav • 7rtpt ov per' oAtyov py]9t'jO-erai. o Se ~poppj]6els a8eA<£bs ev BovAyapt'a ^-porjpepos ei\€v vlbv tov KAovtpi/pov, w Kat yvvauca 7rapecrxev 6 Bopt'cnjs BorAydpav. e£ avrov yevvaTai ev BovAyapt'a T£€«r#Ad/?os.t 6 <5e Movvr/piypos tovs oio a8ek(povs Siw£as Kat ti)v dp^pv Se£apevos yevvp vtoi"? Tpet'j, tov YLpiSeadXafSov Kai tov Bpdvov Kat tov 2re</>avov, Kat peTa tov avrov 0dvuTOv 8ia8exe~ai avrbv a 7rpwT0S I'tos 6 npt/3ecr^Aa/5o9.
Me-d ovv x/°o''Oi' * ,,a e'^eA^wv diro Xp(o/3aTt'a? o —poeipri-
1 »rafe' ot*o)' coin. Bekker.
* BopEva, apparently the same as Bran (below) t T£ce<r9Xd/3o£=Oa8lav.
GAYLAMOUNT
IX DALMATIA, CROATIA, AND SERBIA
31
pevos TleTpos d vlos tov Yoivikov Situ/cei d~o tvJs dp^s tov e£d8eX(f>ov avTOv TlpifiecrdXafiov perd twv Svo d8eX<p£)v f /cd/cefvos t>)v dp\r]v 8iaSe\eTai. ' iiceiyoi 8e <£vyovTe? elcrep-^ovTat €V Xpw/?aTtu. /xera <5e ^poi'ovs rpei? cAtfwv 6 Bpdi'os rpds ro TroAe/xTycrat tov IleVpov /cat fjTTijdels /cat KpaT7]$els ~ap' avrov eTv<pXwdrj. perd 8e xpdvoi'j 8vo <pvywv /cat KAovipj/pos diro BovAyapt'a? 6 —an)p tov T£eecrd\dfiov KaraXap/3dv€t /cat avTOS, /cat etVep^eTat els ev xdcTTpov rrjs 2ep/3At'as TI7V Aoo-TU't/cav peTa Aaov Trpo? to Trapakafti.lv T)]v dp\i']v, tovtov olv -oXepjcras 6 TleTpos d—e/cTetvev, /cat eKpanjcrev frepa €T>; k', dpgas e~l ty)s fiacriXe' ias AeovTOS* tov paKaptwrdrov Kal dyiov fiao-iXeuiS, e\(av iVoTayj)v /cat SovAoxriv 7rpds avTOV. elpijvevcre 8e Kal pera Svueiav f tov dp^ovTOS BovAyaptas, octte 1 ko! avvTe/cvov avYov eTToli-jcre.
MeTa Se tov /catpdv ov avTos 6 /cvpts Aewv eftacriXeiKre, 7rapcy€ieTo o totc ei? to Avppa^tov ctt parity wv, 6 —pcuTO-cnraddpios AectfV 6 'Pa/^Sov^o?, d peTa tovto pdyicrrpos Tipt]-^ew /cat XoyodeT7js tov 8popov, els Ilayaviav ti)v totc —apd tov dp^ovTO? ^LepfiXias SiaKparovpevrjv, Trpos to fBovXev-Oijvai Kal crvvTV^eu' tw aiVw dpyovn Uerpco Trepi twos SovAoxrews Kai vTroOecreojs. fyjXoTiTnjcras 8e Trpos tovto Mt\a7)A 6 dp^wv twv Za^Aoi'pojv epi^vvcre 2vpeu,v tw BovA-ydpwv dpxovTt oti d fiacriXevs 'Pw/zaiW <5e£tovYat 81a Swpa/v tov dp^oi'Ttt IleTpov Trpos to crvve—apetv tovs Toi'p/covs /cat ereXdctP Kara BovAyaptas ■ lyeveTO 8e Kal Kara tov /catpdv e/ceivov Kal —oXepos els 'A^eAwv \ peTa^v tojv 'Pwpauov /cat Ttuv BovAydpwv. eppavi)s ovv yevdpevos ev tovV'o <j Svuecov Kara tov dp^ovTO? -epfiXias IleTpov a—ecrTetAe tov Stypt-^ Qeodwpov Kal tov Mapp jii)v €K£tiov p€Ta cpocrcrdTOi', e^ovTas
1 uJ7r£ coui. Bekker.
* Leo VI., Emperor a.d. 8S6-312 (father of the t Simeon, Bulgarian Tsar, a.d. *93-&27. Z Battle of Achelous, August 20, A.v. 917.
I
32 EARLY HISTORY OF THE SLAVONIC SETTLEMENTS
Kai ap^ovToVovAov IlavAov tov tibv Bpdvov, ov 6 Ile-pos 6 ap\(av -epftktas tTV<j>\u><re. t>6X<x> ovv Z—eX06vT€S ot BovA-yapoi tt pos tov dp\0VTa Zep/^At'as, Kai o-WT€KVt'av p.€T ai tov TroirjO~dp.zvoi Kai opKip /JeSaitocrai-re? /xi) —a#etv ti Trap' avriov evavrtoVi r/~drrjcrav avrov egeAfotv —pos avTOi's, ov Kal irapavTu. Sea-p'^o-avTes cicrryyayov ev BovAyapia, Keu a~o-dvijo-nei ev (pvXaKrj. eicrqXde 6e dvr' avrou IlavAos o vibs Bpdvov, /cat iKp6.rrj(ji.v eV?/ Tpt'a.
'0 Se /3acriAevs 6 Kvpts 'Pcopavbs* e^wv dp\oi'To—ovAov ev ttj — oAei Za^aptav tov vibv Upifieo-dXdfiov tov ap\-oitos 2cp/3Aias «~eo-T€iAe —pos to yeve<r6ai dp^oi-Ta ev Zep,#At'a " dAAa cxttcA^wv Kai 77oAep#yo-as ijTTi'jOrj Trapa tov IlavAov * Kparqcras yap ax'rbv TrapeScoKe rots BovAyapots, xai e*pa-t€(to 8eo"pios. e^ra peTa ^povovs rpcls, tov IlavAov eravTito-o^evTOS tois BovAyupots, ebr«rr€tA.€ tov Za\apiav tov trporepov irapa tov Kvpov 'Pwpavov tov /3acriAeu>s aTrooTaAe'vTa, Kai Stomas tov LTavAov eKparrprev aiVbs W)v dpx^v rwv ~e'p/3Aa>v ■ oo-rts TrapavTa twv evepyecriwv tov /iacrtAews 'PiopatW (7rtfjLvqo~6els eyeveTO kotoi twv Boi'Aydpwr, p?;o' uAws #eA?yo-as u7T0Tayvyvat ai'rois, JAA' iVb tov /S'ao-tAews pdAAov 'Pwpatwv 8eo-7rd£ecr#ai. ware koi tov Zvpeuv </>oo"0"aTOV xai avrou a7roo"T€t'AavTOS 8td tov Mappa^p Kai tov "Eiypir^rj Oeooiupov, wv Kal Tas K€<f>a\d<s Kal dppaTa e*K tov —oAepoi' d—eo~T£tAe —pos tov (3ao-tXea 'Pa^patW emviKM (eVt yap peTa£v Pwpatwv Kai BovAydpwv p-d\rj vyv), oiOeVoTe Se eVavcraTO, KaoVos Kai oi 7rpb avTOv dp^ovTes d—eoreAAov Trpbs tois /3acrtAeis 'Pcopat'wv, Kai v—OTao-Q-dpevos Kai SovAevwv aiVots. ~aAiv
8c d7T€0-T«tA€V £T€pOV cfiOQ-aaTOV 6 SvpewV 8lCl TOV KvJp'Ovf
Kat tov 'Hpvv/Kov Kat tov 'HT^OKAta Ka-d tov dp^ovTos Za^apt'ov, o-vva—oo-Tet'Aas peT 5 avrwv Kat T^t€o-^Aa/3ov. tot« 6 pa' Za^apt'as (f>o/3i]6els c/>eiy£t tv Xpw/3aTt'a ' 01 6« BovAyapot prpaVavTes tois {ovTrdvots eA^etv —pos aiTOis Kat
* Romanus I., Emperor A.D. i-20-944. t C. a.d. 924.
IGAYLAMOUNT
IN DALMATIA, CROATIA, AND SERBIA 33
TrapaXa(3dv ap^ovra tov T ' (dadXafiov , Kai oY opuov tovtovs uTraTijo-avTes Kal <f£ayayovT€$ ^XP l T0 ^ 7I "P WTOi; X W P L0V > kuI irapavra Seo-pv/o-ai'Tts airroi's, dcrrjXOov iv ^ep/3Ata. Kat orveTTvyDav tov dfTavTa Aaov dVd piKpov «os peyaAov, Kat eur/yyayov ecus BovAyaptas ■ Ttves S« GtTroSpdcravTes €Mn}A0ov Kttt ev Xpwpariy., Kal epctvev i) X l *>P a *P 1 1H0 ' 5 ' KaTa T " 1 ' Kaipbv ovv ckzivov daijXOov ol avTol BovXyapoi et's Xpw/>a-Tiav fxtTa tov 'AXoyoftoTovp tov TToAepycrai, Kai tcr(pdyi]0-av irdvTes £K€icr€ —apd rail' Xptoparcov.
MeTa 8« xpoi'ous £7TTa u7ro T<ov Boi'Aydpwv (pvywv o T£e€cr0Aa/3os peTa. Kal Irepwv Tecrcrapcov dirb Upao-dXdfSov drfXdev kv ItpflXia, ov\ eSpe 8e els t?)v yiapav d py TrevTrjKOVTd pouovs dv8pa$ pvyTe yvvatKas e'xovras p</Te TTatSta, dXXd Kvvijyovi'Tas Kal 8iaTpecf>opevovs. perd toutwv KpaTyVas -ryv ywpav cpyvvce irpbs tov ftacriXea Pwpatwv, ty)v e£ ai'rou dvTi'Ayi/'iv Kal (5oi)6etav ewi{firu>v, vttio~x vov -pevos SovXeveiv Kal iVeiKttv tq 7rpoo-Td£et avrov KaOios Kai. ol irpb avTOV dpxovTes. Kai cktotc ov SteAnrev o (Sao-iXevs 'Pwpatwv ci'cpycTwv av'Tov, ioo-Te Kal < 01 > l eis XptopaTtav Kai Boi'Ayaptav Kat ev Tats Xonrah X^P aLS 8idyovT€S -£p/?Aoi, otjs 6 Svpewv Steo-Kop7rto-e, touto ciKOiVavTes o-iwjx^yo-av eis avrov. dAAa Kat ev Ty 7roAei iroAAot citto BovXyaplas cpvyovTes eicrjjkOov ' ovs Kal evo\'cras Kat evepye-TyVas 6 /?ao-tAei'S tow 'PwpuiW cureo-TeiAe 7rpos tov T£eeo-0-
Xafiov. Kal dirb twv itXovctiidv Scopewv toG /^ao-iAews twv 'Pwpatcov cri'0-T?;crdpei'OS Kat a'oiK?jo-as Tyv x (J P av ws T0 7rpdTepov eWtv v7roT£Tayp€VOS 8ovAo7rp£7rws tw pao-tAet 'Pcupatwv, Kat 8td ttjS tov (3ao-tXeoi<> o-w8popi}s Kat to>v toAAojv ai'TO? evepyeo-iwv TTJV T0tavT7/v )((.opav o-i'O-Tijo-as Kat
ap^wv £v ai?Ty fiefiannOiii.
"Otl 6 dpxwi' 2ep/3Atas «'^ apx*}?, 7/yow (xtto tt]s fiao-iXdas
HpaKAetov to? /3ao-tAeojs, SouAtKtus eWtv v7TOT€Taypa'os tu
i -=oi=»- quod Bekker coni. addidi.
34 EARLY HISTORY OF THE SLAVONIC SETTLEMENTS
Pw/icuW /JacriAti, teal ai3Se7TOT€ tco 6.p\0VTi. BovXyapias KaOvirerdyT].
"On iv ri] BaiTTur/ievn 2e/}/3Aia eitrt Kacrrpa oiKovpeva to &eo~TiviKOV, TO T fcpvafSovo-Kcij, to MeyupeTous, to Ape<r-veijK, to Aecri'i)»c, to SuA^es, kcu eis to -^(opiov Bovidvo. to KuTcpa 1 kcu to Aeo-y^K.
GAYLAMOUNT
IN DALMATIA, CROATIA, AND SERBIA
35
KE^AAAION Ar'
rif/)l tmv Z«\\o(7<(.ii', Km ))(,• vvv ofcovtri x ( ''l""--"Oti ■>) tQv Za\X.ovfxu)v X ( ''P a 7ra P a T ^ v 'Pw/xavwv Trporepov
(KpiLTClTO, 'l'w/XUVWV 8t </)?//£( o"'S U7TO 'PojLU/S AlOK A?/TICIV0S o
pWtAeis fxerifKure, Kadus /ecu eh rrjV twv Xp(»f3uTwv Ictto-piav £Lpt)Tai TTi.pl uutwv. u7ro pWiAei Se Pw/xaiwv </ TOiv ZaxAoiyzwv ou"t// X"P a wnJpX €V > "AAu Tftp^ Twv 'Apaptav al)(p.aXtoTur6eL(ra -»; re x ( *P a kcu 6 Taurus Aaos to irapairav npniMdrcu. 01 Se vuv €Keio-e oikouvtcs ZaxAor/xoi ZeppAOl Tvyyavovaiv, i£ e/ceivou tou a/3X°yTOS tou eis tov pao-iAea. 'Poj/Wojv 'Hpa/vAeiov 7rpo(T(f>vy6vTOS. Za^Xov/iot. St iDVop.ua--drj<ro.v u7ro opous oi'ito) KaAoiyxivou XAor/xou. kcu uAAco? oe 7rcuia T77 TWV SfcAapW ScaAeKTW kpffqveverai to ZuxAoiyxoi V/youv oVicrw tou fiovvov, €7reioY) ev tco toioutw X w P^l' P >01 ' , ' us €0"T£ /xeyas, e'xwv uvw#ev aurou Suo Kdrrrpa, to Bova /an to XAov/x. oTTLo-dev Se tou toioutou flovvov Siepx eTat TOTa/xos KaAou/xcvos Bova, o epjxip'iverai KaAov.
"Oti f) yevca tou civ#u7raTOU kcu TrarpiKLOV Mtx rt7 /A tou uioi> to? BoucrepW'T^ TOW apx ovTOS T< *' 1 ' ZaxAoi'/xwv iyA0£v a7rb twv kotoikouvtwv up\z7TTicrTwv a's tov ttotcx/xov BmtAus, tov eVovo/xa^o/xevov Ait£ik??, kcu wk//ct£v eh tov 7roTu/xov tov eVovojua^o/xevov ZaxAou/xa.
"Oti ev tw \(aptio twv ZaxAou/xojv fieri Kutrrpu oiKOvpeva To iVayvov, To MciKpiCKiK, to 'Ioo-Avy, to raAou/xa/yviK, to faoppUTKlK.
3G EARLY HISTORY OF THE SLAVONIC SETTLEMENTS
KE3>AAAION AA'
Ilepi rail' TepfiovvictTwv icai tCjv KavaXirwv (cai ijg vvv oUoven
"Ot* rj Ttov TcpfiovvtaTwv kol tw KayaAtTtoy X^P a / xta VTvdp\e.L. oltto 8e rwv df3aTrTi<TTWi> ^cp/3Acoy ot eK€to-e Kara-yovrat, ot t£ ckcivov tou dpx oVT °5 oikoih'tcs toG ei's tov ySao-tAea 'HpaK-Aetoy irpocr^vyovTos dwo tv/s dftaTrricrTOv SepjSAtas /^X/ 3 ' T0 ^ "PX 0VT0S 2cp/3Aia? tov BAao-T>/p£pov. oStos otjv 6 dpx«Jy BAao-n/pepos t$ tSia Bvyarpi SeoWey dySpa Kpatyay Toy viov BeAd?/ to£ fowdvotf Tep/3ovytas. #eAwy ovtos Toy totoy yapfipov 8o^dcrai tivopacrey airroy dpx ovTa ) 7rotryo-as ai-Tov avTcgovcrtov. e£ Ixetvow 8e o "»PaAipep?/s €y€Vi///0?/, Kat d-r' l#C€M/OTJ 6 TfovT£?/p£p?;s. ^o"av 8e ot ttJs Tepfiovvtas apxovrei del wo tov Aoyov to? dpxoi'TOS 2ep/3Atas. TepfSovvia 81 TQ tSv 2KAd/?wv 8ia-Ackto) epprjveverat mtxv/qos twos ' Jj ydp TotaiV?; x^P a dyypu>p.(iTa e\€t 7roAAa.
"Oti IotI Kat €Ttpai x^/ 301 ™ ro Ta * rrr l v T V V X^P av Tep-Povvias, KavaAi) 7rpocrayopevop6vr;. to Se Kai-aAi) epp?;-veveTat t?/ TWV SkXojScov StaAeKTy dpa£td, eVeioS) Sid to E?vai Toy Twoy eViVcSov irdo-as ai'Twy tus 6ovAcio9 Sta dpa£wy eKTe\ov(riv.
"Oti ey tw X w /° t( i 0 Tep/3owtas Kat tou KavaAr) aVt Kacrrpa otKOi'peya 1} Tep/Sowta, to "Oppos, Ta 'PiVeya, to AovKafttre, to ZerX'/'ifSr].
GAYLAMOUNT
IN DALMATIA, CROATIA, AND SERBIA
37
KE^AAAION AE'
Flepi twv AioK\iiTtin'io)', xal »)f vvv olicovm xiapag.
Oti t) AtoicAjias yiopa «al avrq irporepov irapo. twi' Vmjimvmv eKpaTtiTO, oi"j a7ro 'P«jp7is ftertpKUT€V o /iao-iAci's AioKA?/Tia-vos, Ko.dws kcu €ts tt)v 7repi Tali' Xpw/3aT(oi' 'urTopiav etprjrai • wrb 8e rbv fia(Ti\za 'Pupat'oii' virr/p^e, Tvapa Oe Tojy 'Af3o.pwv KaX avrrj rj X 0 'P a a ^XP ia ^(0Ti(r ^ € ^ (ra ^/ 37 // XWTat » KCU TTftAti/ €7rt 'HpaxAeiov to? j3a<ri\ews ei'U)Kicrdi], Kadws km rj Xpw/3aTia K-ai i) 2ep/3Aia kcu ?} tw^ Za^Aor/xwv kou 7) TtpfSovvia kcu tov KayaAvy. 1 Aid/cAria Se bVopaj^Tcu a7rb tou ev rg rotavrij vtupo: KclcrTpov, OTrep tKTurev 6 /3ao-tAei'S Aio/vAriTiavos • vvvi 8e kcxTLV ipiyxoKiMTrpov, p^XP' T0 ^ v ^ v ovop.a^ojL(.vov AtoK-A?ya. "Oti ev Tij X^PV AiOKAetas e«ri peyaAa /cacrrpa otKov/xeva, to TpaSfTat, to NouypaSe, to Aoi/toSokAcji. 2
1 Fort. -«=>'/=»■ roS KavaXq.
iMH^ihe
38 EARLY HISTORY OF THE SLAVONIC SETTLEMENTS
KE3>AAAION A<5"
Tltpi nop Uu-jcn-wv roll' gat 'Apwrai'wv icaXoi'/tcrwi', Kttl i)c vvv OUCOVai xibpac.
"Oti r) x l ^P a ei ' s V v v ^ v oiKovariv ol Ilayai'ol Kal avrrj Trporepov Trapa twv 'Pw/iattuv eKparelro, ovs drrb 'Poj/zys o yb'ouriAevs AtoKA^navos /xerotKiVas ev -leA/iaTta hnpKurev. ol 81 avrol Hay aval drrb twv df3a— tmttwv ^.epfiXwv Kard-yovrat, e£ tKeivov tov ap^oi'TOS tov Trpbs tov fiao-iXka HpdxXtiov Trpocrcpvyovros. —apd 8e rwv 'Aftdpojy Kal avri) r) X^'P 0 - o.lxjia\(j)TL(r6eLO-a rjpjpwrai, Kal -dXiv e~l 'Hpax-Aeiov tov paa-tAeu>s ii'ipKicrdi]. LTayai'oi 8e KaXovvrai Sta to p.i] KaraSe^arrdai aureus tui totc KaipC) /3a—Tio-6ijvai ore Kal Trdvres ol Hep{3Xoi i/3a—rio-drjaav • ko.1 yap Hayaroi tij TiDV ^.KXdfiwv SiaXeKTip dfid—Tio-TOi kp/j.rjvevoi'Ta.1. tij nov 'Pco/xaiwi/ Se StaAeKTU) r) X^P a a vrwv 'Apevra KaAetTcu, l£ ov KaKtivoi Trapa. tQ>v aurwi' 'PwpiiW 'Apev-dvoi KaXovvrai. "Ort ev Ilayavia: euxi Kacrrpa oiKovpeva to Moxpov, to BepovAAta, to "Oo-t/dcok Kal t) A.a3iv€-£a. Kpa-tovcti, 8e Kal Taurus Tas vijaoi's. i"//o"os ptydXrj rj KovpKpa rjroi to Kjkc/j, ev y eo~rt /cal Kdv-pov. vi]0~os eTepa ptydXrj ra MeAera ^toi to MaAo^eaVai, t)v Iv Tais 7rpd£tcri twv 'AttocttoAwv 6 ayios AovKas nkp.vi]Tai, MeA/nfV ravrtyV 7rpocrayop€vo)v • (v y Kal €\ ts T ° v Gyiov PlavAov a7ro tov 5aKTi'Aov 7Tpoo~rj\paTO, r/v Kal tw 7rvpl 6 ayios LTavAos KaT((f>Xe£e. vrjcros krkpa /ityaAy to tydpa. j'ycros erepa pcydXi) 6 Bparfys. euri 8e Kal erepai vrjcrot at ay Kparov-/itvai —apd Twi' ai'-dii' LTayaiwi', ryo-os ra Xdapa, vto"Os"I>/s, vyo-os to Ado-To/3ov.
GAYLAMOUNT
IN DALMATIA, CROATIA, AND SERIUA
39
THE SUCCESSION OF SERBIAN KINGS IN NINTH AND TENTH CENTURIES
Vyseslav \
Kadoslav J-c. early ninth century. Upocnjyorjs)
Vlastimir, c. between 840 and 880. Mutimir, Stoimir, and Goinik (sons of Vlastimir). Mutiniir (alone).
Prvoslav (son of Mutimir), reigns one year, c. 891-2. Peter (son of Goinik), c. 892 to c. 918. Paul (grandson of Mutimir), c. 918 to c 924. Zacharias (son of Prvoslav), c. 924-5. Interregnum.
Caslav (grandson of Stoimir), c. 932 (apparently still reigning in 949).
GAYLAMOUNT,
GLOSSARY I. GRAECITAS.
M.G. = Modern Greek ; SI. = Slavonic.
d-yyovpiov, cucumber; M.G. dyyovpi.
aXXdyi-ov, relief division (for garrison).
dv6vrraTos Kal iraTpiKios, Proconsul and Patrician ; Byzantine
titular dignity, higher than simple PatriciaD, and next to
Magi-tros. diroKpicridpios, aiiiba-ssador. dpp.aTO (plur.) = Lat. arma. dp\ovTOTrov\os, son of a noble, prince. denrpos (M.G.), white.
PacriXiKos, Imperial officer or messenger.
Ptio-oXov, brick, from (IcUerculus) bessalis, a tile of eight inches
long. fBoedvos, ban, SI. title. PoXids ( = P<hXos Russian boiar), title of nobility in Bulgaria.
■yovva, fu r, fur garment (cp. gown).
SovXcCa, business ; M.G. 8ovX.€i.d. SovXuo-is, business, service.
Spop-iKos (vaos), architectural term for churches of basilican form. Spovyydpios tov irXo£p.ov, Dt angary of the Fleet, title of the Imperial High Admiral.
*y/«DV = ifyyovos.
•YX^PTY 05 * ^ ,Hl€ cement; M.G. x 0 P^Y l i H™-
iyry^y\\.6X,<o, solder.
tiXT|(j.a, vault, dome.
<lXT]jj.aTiK<$s, vaulted, round.
As — iv.
'
42
GLOSSARY
€K, ({;, Of.
Ik^clWu, produce, put in the field.
iv (Kdo-rpov), a certain (fortress); cp. M.G. iivas, aid, £va, used in this sense.
^V = €ts.
£owdvos, Zvpan, SI. title.
£ovrravia, lupa, SI. administrative district.
•f)TOV=TJV.
6e'p.a, Tlicmc (Imperial province).
KaXoKcUpiov, summer ; M.G. KaXoKcupi.
KaTaXap-Pavw, arrive.
Ke^aXrjv, tls, eastwards.
KXtio-oiipa (clausura), mountain j>"ss, fort in such a pass.
KovTovpa, kind of ship (hence gondola).
koo-(iitt]S (koct(xt|tt]s), entablat'tire.
Ko\\da. = KO\\La$, spiral staircase.
Kvpis (genitive Kvpou) — Kiipios, used of the Emperor.
Xav, supposed by the author to be a Latin word = cliff. Xoyo0€tt]s tov Spouov, Logothctc of the Course (whose functions were partly those of a Minister of Foreign Affairs).
p-d-yio-Tpos, high titular dignity in the Empire in the ninth and
tenth centuries. p.€Td, with accusative, with.
|AT| = OV.
v(5|ii<rpxi, the Imperial gold solidus (value about 12s. 6d.). 6ttov 8' &v = 8iroi &v.
-n-dKTov [pactum), tribute.
irapdXi]\|HS, rupture, occupation. irapap.ovip.ov, military station. uXtjv, but.
■rroXepos, battle, army. iroXtpw, with accusative.
GAYLAMOUNT,
GLOSSARY 43
o-aYVni particular kind of ship.
<r€ppou\ov, shoe of undressed leather ; M.G. Tt«pPovXt. (local).
(tkvXCov, dog ; M.G. <tkvXC.
o-iryKoiTTi, mosaic or tessellated work.
<rvv5i8a>jii, yield (intransitive).
«rvv«Trap€iv = cvvcircUpeiv.
to|€i8u)v, journey, expedition ; M.G. Ta£ei8i. Ta^«tirT|s = Ta£d.Tos, garrison soldier. TofiK-f| 4><i>TaYwyoSi shot-hole.
v\oYpa<j>ia = K^po\vTos 0Xi], encaustic painting. vTr69t<ris, matter, business.
4>ciXk«v, «J>aXK(ivtov, falcon. 4>Xd|xov\ov (fi'i.mmeolum), banntr. 4>oaordTOV (fossalui/i), camp, army.
» ^tXdv8iov, barge.
\}/vx,dpiov, slave.
II. GEOGRAPHICAL.
Latin equivalents are enclosed in parentheses. Where two modern names are given, the first is the Italian, the second the Slavonic.
isl. = island; r. = river; 81.-Slavonic.
AfJapoi., "Apdpeis, Avars.
'AXpovvov Kdorpov, Alboua=Labin (in Istria). 'AXu>r,ir, isl. Ulbo = 01ib. 'AvTipdpi-s, Antivari.
ApPti, isl. Arbe = Kah (Arba).
Apevro, r. Narenta=NeretYa (Xaro).
'Ao-irdXa0os, T| (in cap. 30), and 'A<nrdXa0ov, to (in cap. 20),
Sp;ilato = Split. 'A\€X«s ('A\{Kiuos), r. in Bulgaria not identified.
Bo/yiPap«(a, part of tho Carpathiaus, or perhaps the Riesengebirge
(Bohemia). Bdpis, Bari. BapT^w^BpdT^T), q.v.
B^kXci, Ul. Veglia=Krk.
BeXCT^tiv, perhaps Bjelina, in plain of Bukovica.
BeXovpaSov: (1) Zara Vecchia= Biograd; (2) Belgrade (Singi-
dunum). SI. name = ivhite toivn. BtX-oxpupdroi., White Croatians (SI. bid, white). The inhabitants
of Bohemia and Moravia are probably meant. BtvePtvSdv, Benevento (mentioned as if the author took it for a
maritime town, but perhaps it means generally South Italy,
the Duchy of Benevento). BtpovXXia, Viulja, on Dalmatian coast, between Makarska and
Almissa. B£o-Xa, r. Vistula (Polish, Wisla). Bona, supposed to mean Boio-heim, Bohemia. Bdva: (1) r. Buna (from bun, chalk), a tributary of the Narenta;
(2) fortress. BoVwva, Bosnia, name derived from r. Bosna (Basanius). Bovropa, Budua (Butua). Bpar^T], isl. Brazza = Brac. Bp€pt'pa, Bribir, between r. Krka and Lake Karin.
raXovp-a^viK, unknown.
rpaScTai, perhaps Gradit', near Scodra.
rovT^Tja-Kd, Gazko, near town of Ototska (Saf.).
AaX^v, Dlmeno, pronounce Durano (Dalminium), in Herzegovina.
AeKdiTtpa, Cattaro = Kotor.
AeXfiaT^as, 6 koXttos ttjs, Hadriatic.
A«ctvt|k, unknown.
A€<ttiv£kov, Desnica, on the lower Drina.
AidSwpa, Zara = Zadar (Jadcra).
Aw>KX€ia, AidKXi]a, Doclea (SI. Duklja), in Montenegro (near the
modern Podgorica), reputed, but probably wrongly, to have
been Diocletian's birthplace. AiokXticis, t] \"P a > Dioclia (land of the SI. AioKXirriavoC), in later
times called Zeta. Ait^ktj, r. Vistula.
AoPpkt-kCk, Dabar, south-east of Ljubin. Aoo-TiviKa = Aea-TiviKOv,
A00"TlVtKa = A€<TTtVlKOV, '/.?'.
Ap€<rv«T|K, uncertain (cp. oafarik, ii., p. 261
'EXkto-os, Alessio = Los (Lissus). 'EXkvviov, Dulcigno = Ulkin (Olcinium). 'Eotiovv^, Bertram.
GAYLAMOUNT
GLOSSARY
45
ZaxXoufta, r. perhaps identical with B6va, q.v.
ZaxXov(xoi, Slavonic tribe, whose name the author derives from SI. za, behind, and klflm (Croat, hum),' hill. Their land was called Hum or Zahlmije (Chulmia, terra de Cholmo) in the Middle Ages.
ZtvTiva, r. Cettina.
Z«t\t|Pii, unknown.
"H|JW)Ta, Imota, Imotski.
"Iil, isl. Lissa = Vis.
'Ioa-\-f\, Oslje, in Herzegovina (oaf.).
KavoXf|, SI. Konavli, district near aqueduct of Epidaurum (not derived, as author thought, from SI. kolnitsa = &|ia£t.d, but from Lat. canalis, aqueduct).
Kdrtpa, Kotorsko, in valley of the Bosna.
KaTavTpcptvw, Uljan ? (Farlati).
KCcr<ro, isl. Pago.
KXap^Ka, perhaps Glamots, in Herzegovina (Saf.).
KX«io-a, Clissa = Klis.
K6pi, Karin.
KovpKpa, T|, or KovpKOvpa, rd, or Kbccp, Curzola=Koreula (Coreyra Melaena).
Kptpacra, Krbava (?), easi I the Quarnero.
Aa.p{v«T£a, unknown.
Adorropov, isl. Lngosta^= Lastovo.
At<rvf\K, possibly Ljesnica on r. Iader (Saf.).
A£t£o., Lika.
Ao-yovpap8£a, elsewhere Ao-yyiPapSCa, the Imperial Theme of Longobanlia, corresponding to the Lombard Duchy of Benc-vento, and including all the Imperial territory in South Italy except Calabria (Bruttii), which was part of the Theme of Sicily.
AovtoScSkXo., uncertain. If Saf. is right, we should read A<5vto, Aetata, the first name meaning Lunta or Linda, north-east of Scodra, and the second Doclea.
AovKdp«Tt, unknown.
Aovp.ppiKdxov, isl. Vergada.
M«-y\>p£rovs, explained by Jirecek as Medjurecje, " between the rivers," perhaps a fort of that name at Samobor on the Drina, below Gorazda.
M^Xcto., tc£, or MaXvJtaTt, isl. Meleda = Mljet (Melita). Mtktrd, isl. Melada. MiXira, isl. Malta (Melita). Mokpktk(k, unknown. MoKpov, Makarska.
NCva (perhaps = Niv£a, in Strabo VII., 5, 5), Nina, on r. Crmanja. Ndva, Nona (Aenona).
NovYpdSt (i.e., new town, op. Novgorod), perhaps Gradac, in Montenegro (Saf.).
"Oppos, Urmo (Saf.). 'Opovrios^ Apivra, q.v.
Ocrrpto'Y (i.e., island), Zaostrog, south of Makarska. 0«|/apa, Tct, isl. Ossero = Osor.
LTa-vavoC, Slavonic tribe, so called by the Italian Dalmatians. The word is of course Latin, paganus, not, as Constantine thought, Slavonic.
LTaT^ivaKiTai, Patzinaks or Pechenegs, a Hunnio people who, driving the Magyars before them, had occupied the regions west of the Dnieper towards the end of the ninth century.
LlapaOaXacrcria, Maritima, SI. Primorje, coastland of district of Dioclea.
Hso-Ivto., perhaps the district south of Jajze.
LTi^x, isl. Sale.
IKravpa, Epidaurum.
nXt'Pa, r. Pliva in Bosnia.
LTp&rGXaPov (elsewhere called IIepCcr6XaPa, np(o-8XaPa), Great Preslav, near Cliatalar, in Bulgaria.
LTup^Tipa, isl. unknown.
'PaoOeriv, Ragasa = l)ubrovnik.
'Pdo-t], Ras, frontier fortress of Serbia, on r. Raska in Novipazar.
'PacrrwT^a, soutli of Makarska, near Vrgorao.
'PCo-fva. RisHiio (Rhizon, Riziniuni).
'Pu)p,a£wv, T| SidXcKTos twv, Latin (not Greek, as Romaic meant in later times).
'Puudvoi, Latin-speaking population of Dalmatia, to be distinguished from 'Pwpaioi, Imperial snbjects, Greeks.
'Pujcrcra, Porto Pose, at entrance of Gulf of Cattaro.
GAYLAMOUNT
GLOSSARY
47
2a\T|V€s, to* (Salinae), salt springs at Tuzla, in Bosuia.
SaXwva, f| (gen. ZaXwvos ; ace. ZaXcSvav, 2aXa>va), Salona = Solin
(Salonae). 2a|(a (elsewhere 2ai;a>vCa.), Duel)}' of Saxony, apparently extended
to mean Francia, Germany. 2t\p<i, isl. Selve = Silbo.
S^ppXia, Td, unknown place in Theme of Thessalonica. EtSpa-ya, district of Dalmatian Belgrad. 2K«p8d, isl. Scarda = Skarda. 2Kip8d, isl. Scherda, near Pago (Saf.). EKopSova, Scardona = Skradin (Scardona). 2kot6iv^| (0dXa<r<ra), Baltic.
~2.Ta.yv6v, Stagno = Ston, at east end of peninsula of Sabbioncello. St6Xttov, the ancient Stlupi (2tXoviti), in Liburnia.
Ttv^v, Knin.
Ttpfiovvia, land of the Trebinje (T€pPovvia.TaC, elsewhere Tpa-
Povvoi). Constantine wrongly derives it from SI. tvrd, haril. Tcrpavvovpiov, Trau = Trogir (Tragurium). TXivTX,r\vK = ZtVTtva., q.v.
T^€pvaPovcrK€T|, unknown (T^cpvo- is evidently SI. cm, black). TvT|va, proliably district of T«vt|v, q.v. TovpKia, Hungary. TovpKOi, Magyars
4><ipos, 6, ^dpa, to, Lesina (Pharos, Pharia). fypayyta, East Francia, Germany.
XXepiava or XX^tvo, T|, XXeP^va, to, Hlovno, Livno.
XXovp., SI. word for bill: (1) a hill; (2) a fortress. See
Za.xXovp.oi. Xoapa, rd, isl., possibly Caxza (west of Lagosta).
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